Martin v. Hadix, 527 U.S. 343 (1999) 6 Nijhawan v. Holder, 557 U.S. 29 (2009) 12, 13 Shular v. United States, 140 S. Ct. 779 (2020) 11, 14 Toussie v. United States, 397 U.S. 112 (1970) 8, 9, 10, 14 EFTA00028905 --- PAGE BREAK --- United States v. Ayo, 801 F. Supp. 2d 1323 (S.D. Ala. 2011)