Methodology
Understanding the network visualization and how to use it effectively
How Connections Work
Two entities are connected when they appear in the same document. The connection strength (edge weight) is the number of documents they share.
For example, if Jeffrey Epstein and Bill Clinton both appear in 502 documents, their connection strength is 502. Stronger connections appear as thicker lines in the graph.
The graph uses a force-directed layout, which positions entities based on their connections. Entities with many shared connections cluster together naturally.
Understanding the Filters
The filters control which entities and connections appear in the graph. Each filter has trade-offs between completeness and performance.
Max Nodes
The maximum number of entities to display, sorted by how often they're mentioned in documents.
Max Edges
The maximum number of connections to display, sorted by connection strength (highest first).
Min Mentions
Only show entities that are mentioned at least this many times across all documents.
Min Connection Strength
Only show connections where two entities share at least this many documents.
Focus Mode
When you focus on an entity, the graph shows only that entity and their direct connections. This is useful for exploring someone's network without the noise of unrelated clusters.
In focus mode:
- Only the focused entity and their connections are shown
- Direct connections (1-hop neighbors) appear around them
- Additional important entities may appear (2-hop neighbors)
- All visible entities have some path to the focused entity
To focus on an entity, click on them in the graph and select "Focus Graph on This Entity" from the details panel that appears.
Why Clusters Look Disconnected
Sometimes you may see groups of entities that appear disconnected from the main network. This is usually caused by the Max Edges limit, not missing data.
Here's what happens:
- The graph queries connections sorted by strength (highest first)
- It stops after reaching the Max Edges limit
- Weaker connections that would bridge clusters get cut off
- Entities that only have weak connections to the main network appear isolated
To fix this: Increase the Max Edges slider, or focus on a specific entity to see their complete neighborhood.
Data Sources
The documents in this archive come from several public sources:
Court Filings
Legal documents from various civil and criminal cases
House Oversight Committee
Documents released by congressional oversight
DOJ / FBI Vault
FOIA releases from federal law enforcement
Yahoo Emails (DDoSecrets)
Email archives from Epstein's accounts, primarily newsletters and correspondence
Entity Extraction
Entities (people, organizations, locations) are automatically extracted from documents using Named Entity Recognition (NER). This process:
- Scans document text for names and organizations
- Groups variations of the same name (e.g., "Bill Clinton" and "William Clinton")
- Links entities to external databases like Wikidata when possible
- Computes connection strengths based on document co-occurrence
Automated extraction isn't perfect — some entities may be misidentified or missing. The data is continuously refined.
Mobile Performance
The network graph uses WebGL to render thousands of entities in real-time. Mobile devices have limited GPU memory, so we automatically adjust the defaults:
| Setting | Desktop | Mobile |
|---|---|---|
| Max Nodes | 5,500 | 800 |
| Max Edges | 45,000 | 4,000 |
| Focus Mode | Full | 400 nodes max |
For the full graph with all connections, we recommend using a desktop browser. On mobile, you can still explore individual entities and their direct connections.
Questions or feedback? Contact us