After Deng retired as paramount leader, these principles continued to guide China’s international behavior in the leadership eras of Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao. Admonishing Chinese to “keep your heads down and bide your time,” these Party leaders sought to emphasize that China’s rapid economic development an

W YORK TIMES « Need to consolidate power. Xi was not selected by Deng Xiaoping, the archi- tect of reform, as were his predecessors (Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao), and he was not elected by the people. Conven- tional wisdom had it that Xi would be a weak leader. In order to realize his Chinese Dream, Xi needs

gn Affairs. Some began in the two years before then after Xi first became General Secretary in late 2012. And some have their antecedents in the late Hu Jintao period. But my point is that they all either began, were intensified or else were formally publicly legitimised by the conclusions of the last Centra