must be far larger than that seen from its outside. Such a concept is characteristic of a universe in which space and time can be dynamical, as in the General Theory of Relativity, where, for ex- ample, from outside the "event horizon" of a black hole—that radius inside of which there is no escape—a black hole might appear to

hemselves. First, it could be a fundamental property of empty space, a possibility actually presaged by Albert Ein- stein shortly after he developed the General Theory of Relativity, which he realized could accommodate something he called a "cosmological constant," but which we now realize could simply represent a nonzero grou