actals 3:893-904 Seneta, E. (1981) Non-negative Matrices and Markoff Chains. Springer-Verlag, New York. 286 HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013786 Shannon, C.D., Weaver, W. (1949) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana Sharkovskii, A.N. (1964): Coexistence of the cycles of a

We avoid the temptation to deal with the deep analogy between thermodynamic entropy (Clausius, 1897) and information theoretic entropy (Shannon and Weaver, 1949), constraining our discussion to the context of an operational equivalence (in healthy systems) between gain of information and 238 HOUSE_OV

space become symbolic dynamics in sequence space. It was Kolmogoroff (1958) who first applied Shannon’s ideas of entropy and information (Shannon and Weaver, 1949; Khinchin, 1957) to the quantification of these dynamical system’s telegraphic messages as discrete, “stochastic” (random, probabilistic) outp

xchange for getting the charges dismissed or sentences re- duced. Castaneda's role in this conspiracy was that of middleman, referring "clients" to Weaver, arran- ging meetings, receiving payments, and suggesting strategics for accomplishing fixes. Weavers role on the other hand was that of principal,

he transaction in- volving Jeff Lewis). Predicate Act Six-- referring to the dismissal of a marijuana charge for Silverio Garza-- pertained only to Weaver. FN I6. On appeal, Castaneda asserts four distinct errors that allegedly warrant the re- versal of his conviction. Because we con- clude that the g

he government that Gonzalez approached him on another occasion for assistance in getting dis- missed a DWI for Jeff Lewis. Castaneda was unsure if Weaver had ultimately been successful in fixing the case. FN7. Castaneda told the government that an individual known as "Chuy" Hinojosa Page 4 of 11 P

ight have led him to preserve exculpatory evidence." 539 U.S. at 611 (quoting Falter v United States, 23 F.2d 420, 426 (2d Cir. 1928) (Hand, J.) and Weaver, 450 U.S. at 28). More important, the Court observed, California's revival of otherwise barred claims fell squarely within a category of ex post fa

hment for crimes committed before its enactment `more onerous' than the punishment would have been under the unamended statute. Id. at 442 (quoting Weaver, 450 U.S. at 36). Those penalties are the direct consequence of a defendant's commission of a predicate criminal offense and form a deliberate part

hment for crimes committed before its enactment `more onerous' than the punishment would have been under the unamended statute. Id. at 442 (quoting Weaver, 450 U.S. at 36). Those penalties are the direct consequence of a defendant's commission of a predicate criminal offense and form a deliberate part

ight have led him to preserve exculpatory evidence." 539 U.S. at 611 (quoting Falter v United States, 23 F.2d 420, 426 (2d Cir. 1928) (Hand, J.) and Weaver, 450 U.S. at 28). More important, the Court observed, California's revival of otherwise barred claims fell squarely within a category of ex post fa

es.” Information cannot be conserved—so far, so good. But did Wiener really have Shannon’s “information” in mind? The crux of Shannon’s argument, as Weaver had emphasized, was to distinguish a colloquial sense of “information,” as message with meaning, from an abstracted, rarefied notion of strings of sy

n particular, information must not be confused with meaning.”?! Linguists and poets might be concerned about the “semantic” aspects of communication, Weaver continued, but not engineers like Shannon. Rather, “this word ‘information’ in communication theory relates not so much to what you do say, as to wha

es.” Information cannot be conserved—so far, so good. But did Wiener really have Shannon’s “information” in mind? The crux of Shannon’s argument, as Weaver had emphasized, was to distinguish a colloquial sense of “information,” as message with meaning, from an abstracted, rarefied notion of strings of sy

n particular, information must not be confused with meaning.”?! Linguists and poets might be concerned about the “semantic” aspects of communication, Weaver continued, but not engineers like Shannon. Rather, “this word ‘information’ in communication theory relates not so much to what you do say, as to wha

hment for crimes committed before its enactment `more onerous' than the punishment would have been under the unamended statute. Id. at 442 (quoting Weaver, 450 U.S. at 36). Those penalties are the direct consequence of a defendant's commission of a predicate criminal offense and form a deliberate part

ight have led him to preserve exculpatory evidence." 539 U.S. at 611 (quoting Falter v United States, 23 F.2d 420, 426 (2d Cir. 1928) (Hand, J.) and Weaver, 450 U.S. at 28). More important, the Court observed, California's revival of otherwise barred claims fell squarely within a category of ex post fa

hment for crimes committed before its enactment `more onerous' than the punishment would have been under the unamended statute. Id. at 442 (quoting Weaver, 450 U.S. at 36). Those penalties are the direct consequence of a defendant's commission of a predicate criminal offense and form a deliberate part

ight have led him to preserve exculpatory evidence." 539 U.S. at 611 (quoting Falter v United States, 23 F.2d 420, 426 (2d Cir. 1928) (Hand, J.) and Weaver, 450 U.S. at 28). More important, the Court observed, California's revival of otherwise barred claims fell squarely within a category of ex post fa

hment for crimes committed before its enactment `more onerous' than the punishment would have been under the unamended statute. Id. at 442 (quoting Weaver, 450 U.S. at 36). Those penalties are the direct consequence of a defendant's commission of a predicate criminal offense and form a deliberate part

ight have led him to preserve exculpatory evidence." 539 U.S. at 611 (quoting Falter v United States, 23 F.2d 420, 426 (2d Cir. 1928) (Hand, J.) and Weaver, 450 U.S. at 28). More important, the Court observed, California's revival of otherwise barred claims fell squarely within a category of ex post fa

oney sent by relatives in the United States." US Offers Millions In Rewards For Former Venezuelan Officials. EFTA00148911 The Miami Herald (9/30, Weaver, 1.09M) reports the US government has issued "wanted posters for three ex-Venezuelan officials accused in Miami federal court of exporting cocaine

been linked to coronavirus surges." Many Nursing Homes Not Utilizing COVID Rapid-Testing Devices. In an exclusive, the Wall Street Journal (11/7, Weaver, Mathews, McGinty, Subscription Publication, 7.57M) says the federal government spent in excess of $100 million to dispatch COVID rapid-testing dev

ing methamphetamine from Mexico and selling it to customers in the Dallas area." Former ICE Informant Facing Drug Charges. The Miami Herald (7/15, Weaver, 1.09M) reports Guillermo Eduardo Ramirez-Peyro, a former Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) informant, is facing "charges of conspiring to

March 16, when eight people were killed at three Atlanta-area spas." Florida Nurse Charged For Threatening To Kill Harris. The Miami Herald (4/16, Weaver, 647K) reports that "a longtime nurse at Jackson Memorial Hospital has been charged in Miami federal court with making threats to kill Vice Presiden

mer, Wilson), Axios (07/27, Sobczyk), Politico (07/27, O'Brien), USA TODAY (07/27, Looker, Herszenhorn), Reuters (07/27, Zengerle), The Hill (07/27, Weaver), the New York Post (07/27, Campanile), and the Washington Examiner (07/27, Brest). Ron DeSantis Vows to Fire Director Wray, Bring 'Reckoning' to C

ve to go to Congress [to defend mask mandates], but I'm delivering the science as the science is delivered to the medical journals." Politico (5/16, Weaver, 6.73M) reports Walensky "added that current medical guidance is relatively simple: get vaccinated." Walensky stated, "If you are not vaccinated, y

e March 16, when eight people were killed at three Atlanta-area spas." Florida Nurse Charged For Threatening To Kill Harris. The Miami Herald (4/16, Weaver, 647K) reports that "a longtime nurse at Jackson Memorial Hospital has been charged in Miami federal court with making threats to kill Vice Presiden

er, Wilson), Axios (07/27, Sobczyk), Politico (07/27, O'Brien), USA TODAY (07/27, Looker, Herszenhorn), Reuters (07/27, Zengerle), The Hill (07/27, Weaver), the New York Post (07/27, Campanile), and the Washington Examiner (07/27, Brest). Ron DeSantis Vows to Fire Director Wray, Bring 'Reckoning' to C

y it' by altering the definition of criminal conduct or increasing the punishment for the crime." Lynce I. Mathis 519 U.S. 433, 441 (1997) (quoting Weaver,. Graham 450 U.S. 24, 29 (1981)). United States'. Sim!, 153 F.3d 1256, 1259 (11th Cir. 1998) (emphasis added; internal alterations omitted). Even t

finition of criminal conduct or increasing the punishment for the crime." Lynce v. Mathis 519 U.S. 433, 117 S.Ct. 891, 137 L.Ed.2d 63 (1997) (quoting Weaver v. Graham, 450 U.S. 24, 29, 101 S.Ct. 960, 67 L.Ed.2d 17 (1981)). U.S. v. Siegel 153 F.3d 1256, 1259 (11th Cir. 1998). In improperly attempting to

nition of criminal conduct or increasing the punishment for the crime." Lynce v. Mathis, 519 U.S. 433, 117 S.Ct. 891, 137 L.Ed.2d 63 (1997) (quoting Weaver v. Graham, 450 U.S. 24, 29, 101 S.Ct. 960, 67 L.Ed.2d 17 (1981)). U.S. v. Siegel,153 F.3d 1256, 1259 (11th Cir. 1998). In improperly attempting to