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r Sadat as Egyptian President, the Soviet-Egyptian relationship quickly deteriorated. The KGB then resorted to active measures to try to undermine Sadat's rule, including portraying the president's 30-year-old son-in-law and Foreign Minister, Ashraf Marwan, as a CIA agent, an embezzler and the man r
in Egypt. Any KGB officer worth his epaulettes won't have forgotten the loss to Washington of what was EFTA00706388 once a highly valued prize in North Africa. The unraveling of the Arab Spring made that prize attainable again. As Georgy Mirsky, a pro-Kremlin Arabist, told the Financial Times: "Our gover
r 2011. It is a great deceit to deny an entire nation's right to exist. Let me narrate a strange story of American deceit. When Henry Kissinger met Sadat and introduced his six-point plan as a `Kissinger plan,' Sadat told him: "Never forget, Dr. Kissinger, I am making this agreement with the United S
— and dangerous. If, as Mr. Obama said recently at the United Nations, he believes that it is in America's best interest "to see a Middle East and North Africa that is peaceful and prosperous," he needs to make sure the Arabs are part of, and don't lose from, any future bargain with Iran. Marwan Bishara i
in an unprecedented phase of strong bilateral cooperation between the two former enemies, but it was also a major cause of the unpopularity of both Sadat and Mubarak. Israel benefited from the cold peace by neutralizing the most powerful conventional force in the Arab world. It even coordinated close
alal 2011-06-21 -- AMMAN — There seem to be a thousand and one interpretations of the changes sweeping across the countries of the Middle East and North Africa. One response that is often heard is a note of cautious optimism, captured in US President Barack Obama recent speech at the State Department when
e patronage and will of h=s predecessor, Anwar Sadat. Mubarak had not been imaginative or brave—and that was what recommended him to the f=amboyant Sadat. Where Sadat had been unabashedly open in his identificatio= with American power, the new man would be more discreet. Where Sadat had =een a trailbl
tt/=011/02/24/AB9dIXN_page.html> February 10,2013 -= As President Obama ponders his second-term foreign policy, he faces jihad=sts spreading across North Africa, Syria dissolving into chaos, Israelis a=d Palestinians further apart than ever, Ira= trending toward civil war <http://www.washingtonpost.com/world
ithout an air force capable of breaching our defences and striking towns and cities deep inside Israel. No one pressed the alternative scenario: that Sadat might strike with more limited territorial objectives and, under cover of his SAM batteries on the other side of the Suez Canal, advance into the Sin
kers” in Sharm al- Sheikh with the participation not just of an equally concerned King Hussein, and of course Arafat, but leaders of Arab states from North Africa to Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. The only significant holdout was Syria’s Hafez al-Assad. He objected because he said the conference was too focused on
ithout an air force capable of breaching our defences and striking towns and cities deep inside Israel. No one pressed the alternative scenario: that Sadat might strike with more limited territorial objectives and, under cover of his SAM batteries on the other side of the Suez Canal, advance into the Sin
kers" in Sharm al- Sheikh with the participation not just of an equally concerned King Hussein, and of course Arafat, but leaders of Arab states from North Africa to Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. The only significant holdout was Syria's Hafez al-Assad. He objected because he said the conference was too focused on
untry. Maybe a trip for medical treatment? Mubarak dismissed the idea. He’d seen worse, he reminded Wisner. Mubarak had been sitting inches away from Sadat on that fateful October day in 1981. He himself had survived six assassination attempts. In fact, he said he intended to go on television again that
en Tripoli. Then Damascus. You watch as the anger, moving on once-invisible technological lines of video and text, demolishes the stability of all of North Africa. Over the next two years leaders are pushed from power in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, and Yemen: their names, instead of being symbols of stability, insta
is the author of Talking to Arab Youth: Revolution and Counterrevolution in Egypt and Tunisia. Nur focuses on the transitions in the Middle East and North Africa, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and issues related to US foreign policy. She has worked as a senior policy analyst at the International Peace Inst
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023147 →moved to Tunis. HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023152 --- PAGE BREAK --- OUP CORRECTED PROOE - FINAL, 12/9/2014, SPi Chronology xxi 10 December 1978 President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin are awarded jointly in Oslo the Nobel Peace Prize. 16 January 1979 Shah Mohamed Reza Pahlavi leaves Iran after months of do
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023153 →n Talal 2011-06-21 -- AMMAN - There seem to be a thousand and one interpretations of the changes sweeping across the countries of the Middle East and North Africa. One response that is often heard is a note of cautious optimism, captured in US President Barack Obama recent speech at the State Department when he
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030160 →d in an unprecedented phase of strong bilateral cooperation between the two former enemies, but it was also a major cause of the unpopularity of both Sadat and Mubarak. Israel benefited from the cold peace by neutralizing the most powerful conventional force in the Arab world. It even coordinated closely
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030173 →Entities connected to both Sadat and North Africa

Barack Obama
PERSON
George W. Bush
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Jeffrey Epstein
PERSON
Bashar al-Assad
PERSON
Marc Rich
PERSON
Lebanon
LOCATION
Benjamin Netanyahu
PERSON
Bill Clinton
PERSON
Yemen
LOCATION
Tehran
LOCATION
Hosni Mubarak
PERSON
Middle East
LOCATION
Tunisia
LOCATION
Cairo
LOCATION
Damascus
LOCATION
Jerusalem
LOCATION
Saddam Hussein
PERSON
Fatah
ORGANIZATION
Bahrain
LOCATION