Epstein Secrets

rats exploring a space and Selz’s path sequences of computer screen dot quenches produced by clicking on them with a computer mouse. A precursor of Kolmogorov’s ergodicity was the earlier ergodicity of Ludwig Boltzmann. This describes a suitably partitioned system such that equivalent values come from quant

occupancy of these possibles, the probables, form the bases for the computation of these two kinds of entropies. For example, the work of Paulus and Geyer showed that the administration of a very small amount of stimulant drug, compared with a salt water control, led to an increase in the first measure

nd was previously a student of Andrei Nikolaevic Kolmogorov, the Russian guru of many of the Twentieth Century’s world- class Russian mathematicians. Kolmogorov axiomatized the field of probability and, more relevantly, initiated the theory of statistical descriptions, the ergodic theory, of nonlinear dynamic

cal aphorism that captures the fresh spiritual state of each moment’s openness and readiness, the in- between entropies for new information surprise. Geyer and Martin Paulus found that entheogenic agents such as Ecstasy also increased the complexity of the patterns of spontaneous motor movement made by r

e had the same entropy. His answer was no, that —3(1/3 In (1/3)) = 1.098 > -2(1/2 In (1/2) = 0.6931 loge and in computer relevant logz, 1.5850 > 1.0 (Kolmogorov, 1959). Entropy increases with possibility. Nonlinear differential equations representing brain-relevant expanding dynamical systems replace Shannon

temporal and spatial patterns of rat exploratory behavior have been used to discriminate among stimulant drug effects (Paulus et al, 1990; Paulus and Geyer, 1992). Similar computations involving the symbolic dynamics and disallowed transitions have been used to study the complexity of the the EEG (Xu, 19