g more traction recently attributes the slower recovery to poor policies enacted in Washington. In a June 2016 article about the US economy, Gregory Mankiw, professor at Harvard University and former chair of the Council of Economic Advisers for President George W. Bush, highlighted “policy missteps,” **

e-built. Subjects are willing to pay more for items they build themselves. A third such bias that fits the Hawk—Dove model is the sunk cost fallacy (Mankiw, 2007; Thaler, 1980), which leads us to “throw good money after bad” when we invest in ventures simply because we have already put so much effort int

. Figure 1.3.2 here All standard economics textbooks use similar diagrams to figures 1.3.1 and 1.32 for macroeconomic flows; I have chosen that of Mankiw as his is one of the most widely used. Flows of goods and services are shown in the black lines. The lighter broken lines show the flows of money.

or the simple reason that the models don't work and don't effectively model anything. To take the two mainstream economic texts cited in this paper, Mankiw [Mankiw 2004] has a dozen or so time based graphs, but all show actual data, not theoretical modelling. There are lots of theoretical graphs in Man