r this sort of questioning for an extended period, say fifteen minutes, should we conclude it is intelligent, or do we need more time to be certain? Turing’s approach to certainty was simple. Just ask lots of questions. As you ask more and more questions, you will become increasingly certain you are talk

d mere rules and see truth. Colloquially we call this ‘common sense’ or ‘stepping outside the box’ The Lucas argument uses the theories of Gédel and Turing to show computer algorithms have limitations. Some things are simply not computable. Computers can do many useful things, but they cannot discover ne

tician Alan Turing in a 1950 paper called “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” that he published in the British journal Mind. “Can machines think?” Turing began.?5” His idea was to test this question in the following way: Have a research subject - a secretary, a graduate student, anyone - chat with an i

ector fluidity one might expect of a NASA engineer: “Our robots precede us/with infinite diversity/exploring the universe/delighting in complexity.” (Turing’s rhyming computer, you have to suspect, could have done better.)?°+ One of the first speakers at the conference was a San Diego State University pro

tible AI. George Dyson is a historian of science and technology and the author of Baidarka: the Kayak, Darwin Among the Machines, Project Orion, and Turing ’s Cathedral. Peter Galison is a science historian, Joseph Pellegrino University Professor and co- founder of the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard

aphor and analogy. It moves from Boolean algebra through topics such as information theory, parallel computing, cryptography, algorithms, heuristics, Turing machines, and promising technologies such as quantum computing and emergent systems. HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017542 --- PAGE BREAK --- BJARKE INGELS QUINC

a and regular expressions, context-free grammars, Turing machines and decidability, and the theory of intr

, explanation. Also, think of examples that are not completely obvious—we don't want a hundred people nominating natural selection, or relativity, or Turing machines. >> >> Say something new, true, and interesting based on your own experience, in 1,000 words or less. = >> Go deeper than the news. Tell

velopment 11. Arise through evolution 12. Be realizable within the brain In our view, Newell’s criterion 1 is poorly-formulated, for while universal Turing computing power is easy to come by, any finite AI system must inevitably be heavily adapted to some particular class of environments for straightforw

tible AI. George Dyson is a historian of science and technology and the author of Baidarka: the Kayak, Darwin Among the Machines, Project Orion, and Turing ’s Cathedral. Peter Galison is a science historian, Joseph Pellegrino University Professor and co- founder of the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard