How Alan Turing invented the computer, helped win World War II an

not have been created using computation alone. This requires me to inoculate your brain. Take either Andrew Wiles proof of Fermat's Last Theorem or Alan Turing’s proof of the Halting Problem; both proofs are non-computable. Each document is made up of symbols, the Roman alphabet and some special Greek symbols

re only a few actual computers in operation, Norbert Wiener imagined the future we now contend with in impressive detail and with few clear mistakes. Alan Turing’s famous 1950 article “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” in the philosophy journal Mind, foresaw the development of AI, and so did Wiener, but Wie

d device can predict the behavior of humans. Like Alan Turing, whose Turing Test suggested that computing machi

re only a few actual computers in operation, Norbert Wiener imagined the future we now contend with in impressive detail and with few clear mistakes. Alan Turing’s famous 1950 article “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” in the philosophy journal Mind, foresaw the development of AI, and so did Wiener, but Wie

d device can predict the behavior of humans. Like Alan Turing, whose Turing Test suggested that computing machi

redictability and emergence are regarded as the best way to grow. 119 Long before the idea of a smart phone or 3D goggles, the British mathematician Alan Turing anticipated their arrival when he dreamed of what he called a “universal device”!2°: A notional box that, starting from the ones and zeros of digitiz

Enigma encoding machines, with three encoding wheels, proved more of a challenge. Initially, British cryptanalysts led by the brilliant mathematician Alan Turing succeeded in build- ing a rudimentary computer to decipher Germany’s messages to its submarines and bombers, but in 1942 Germany added a fourth set o

Enigma encoding machines, with three encoding wheels, proved more of a challenge. Initially British cryptanalysts led by the brilliant mathematician Alan Turing succeeded in building a rudimentary computer to decipher German messages to its submarines and bombers, but, in 1942, Germany added a fourth set of e

cognitive behaviors to a young human child (say, a 3 year old) [AABL02]. In fact this sort of idea has a long and venerable history in the AI field — Alan Turing’s original 1950 paper on AT [Tur50], where he proposed the Turing Test, contains the suggestion that "Instead of trying to produce a programme to simu