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to begin with what never was part of Israel. Israel never included the Sinai Peninsula. Along the coast, it never stretched much farther north than the Litani River in today's Lebanon. Apart from David's extreme extension (and fairly tenuous control) to EFTA_R1_02029175 EFTA02689634 27 the north, Israel's t
eft the southern flank exposed. Therefore, by holding the Levant, an eastern power protected itself against attacks from Mediterranean powers. The Levant was also important to any empire originating to the north or south of Israel. If Egypt decided to move beyond the Nile Basin and North Africa eastw
y over nearly 3,000 years. For convenience, we will use the term "Israel" to connote all of the Hebrew and Jewish entities that have existed in the Levant since the invasion of the region as chronicled in the Book of Joshua. As always, geopolitics requires a consideration of three dimensions: the int
Hamas was operating in a difficult strategic environment during Operation Cast Lead. Hezbollah had the benefit of using the rural terrain south of the Litani River to launch rockets against Israel during the Second Lebanon War, thereby sparing Lebanon's most densely populated cities from retaliatory attacks.
ties to the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood to achieve political legitimacy. When unrest spread into Syria and began to threaten Iran's position in the Levant, Hamas made a strategic decision to move away from the Iran-Syria axis, now on the decline, and to latch itself onto the new apparent regional tren
icy over nearly 3,000 years. For convenience, we will use the term "Israel" to connote all of the Hebrew and Jewish entities that have existed in the Levant since the invasion of the region as chronicled in the Book of Joshua. As always, geopolitics requires a consideration of three dimensions: the intern
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031858 →r to begin with what never was part of Israel. Israel never included the Sinai Peninsula. Along the coast, it never stretched much farther north than the Litani River in today's Lebanon. Apart from David's extreme extension (and fairly tenuous control) to HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031859 --- PAGE BREAK --- 27 the north, Is
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_031860 →Entities connected to both the Litani River and Levant

Lebanon
LOCATION
Bashar al-Assad
PERSON
Barack Obama
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Tehran
LOCATION
George W. Bush
PERSON
Saddam Hussein
PERSON
Tunisia
LOCATION
Benjamin Netanyahu
PERSON
Hosni Mubarak
PERSON
Jerusalem
LOCATION
Damascus
LOCATION
Yemen
LOCATION
Marc Rich
PERSON
Middle East
LOCATION
North Africa
LOCATION
Mahmoud Abbas
PERSON
Bill Clinton
PERSON
Fatah
ORGANIZATIONMediterranean
LOCATION