Epstein Secrets

r philosopher, Karl Popper, found fault with this idea a century later. Popper was one of those | mentioned who disapprove of truisms. | haven’t read Popper, but gather that he thought it improper to define fitness as potential survival, and then measure it as survival. That objection is close to being un

be economist hat for my wannabe biologist one. Herbert Spencer called those fields the same at bottom. I never read Spencer, and know him mostly from Bertrand Russell’s books on the history of philosophy. Spencer rates a subchapter there. Yet he was an autodidact with less training in either field than mine. He even

in artificial general intelligence (AGI). Here I'll reserve the term “thinking” for processes that can create understanding (explanatory knowledge). Popper’s argument implies that all thinking entities—human or not, biological or artificial—must create such knowledge in fundamentally the same way. Hence

y-five years ago, I was visiting Marvin Minsky, one of the original AI pioneers, and asked him about Dan. “He’s our best current philosopher—the next Bertrand Russell,” said Marvin, adding that unlike traditional philosophers, Dan was a student of neuroscience, linguistics, artificial intelligence, computer science

in artificial general intelligence (AGI). Here I'll reserve the term “thinking” for processes that can create understanding (explanatory knowledge). Popper’s argument implies that all thinking entities—human or not, biological or artificial—must create such knowledge in fundamentally the same way. Hence

y-five years ago, I was visiting Marvin Minsky, one of the original AI pioneers, and asked him about Dan. “He’s our best current philosopher—the next Bertrand Russell,” said Marvin, adding that unlike traditional philosophers, Dan was a student of neuroscience, linguistics, artificial intelligence, computer science