Epstein Secrets

l to the percentage of their genes that others carry. This insight was further developed by the concept of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases the offspring's chance of surviving...at the cost of

f parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as "any investment by the pare

etween Greek philosophical psychology and Christianity can be found in the use of Stoic theories of desire by the apostle Paul, 3 the presence of Aristotle's family ethic — with its implicit psycho-biology - in the household codes of Ephesians and I Colossians, 4 and the gospel of John's identificati

cy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995). Troels Engbert- Perdersen, Paul and the Stoics (Louisville, KY,: Westminster John Knox, 2000). °Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics (New York: Random House, 1941), Bk. VIII, ch. 10. 3 The Interpreter's Bible: Luke and John, Vol. 8 (Nashville, TN.: Abingdon

of parental investment. Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers (1972) defined it as “any investment by the paren

p. 101. "William Hamilton, “The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior, IT” Journal of Theoretical Biology 7 (1964), pp. 17-52. "Ronald Fisher and Robert Trivers, “Parental Investment and Sexual Selection,” B. Campbell (ed.), Sexual HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021284 Selection and the Descent of Man (Chicago: Aldine Pub

is between Greek philosophical psychology and Christianity can be found in the use of Stoic theories of desire by the apostle Paul, * the presence of Aristotle’s family ethic — with its implicit psycho-biology - in the household codes of Ephesians and I Colossians, * and the gospel of John’s identification o

0), 718-723; Sigmund, K., Hauert, C., & Nowak, M. (2001). Reward and punishment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 989), 10757- 10762; Trivers, R.L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35-57. Quotes Watts, D. P., Muller, M., Amsler, S. J., Mbabazi

so. These ideas started with Charles Darwin. One hundred years later, they were developed in exquisite detail by the American evolutionary biologist Robert Trivers. Combined, they provide an explanation for why, in most species including our own, males compete with each other for access to females — the most val

y we feel in witnessing another’s misfortune. Though the emotion is universally understood, recognized in our written records at least as far back as Aristotle, the German language is one of the few to capture the feeling by tapping the brain’s promiscuity, combining the word for harm (schaden) with the word

can choose) because males with their now ill-adapted anti-parasite (histocampatability) genes will find few willing mates. This begins the part from Trivers. I'll come to Alexander’s later. Mothers in the source deme see an opposite picture. Conditions are not necessarily better than before, but they ar

lly his paraphrase and generalization of Darwin’s, is not quite a truism because it carries the hypothesis that “potential” has an empirical meaning. Aristotle’s idea that potency precedes and explains act is called causality. Adam Smith’s friend and fellow Scotsman David Hume scarcely doubted causality, but