Epstein Secrets

hrough Newton's discovery of the laws of motion, through the experimental and theoretical investigations of the nature of electromagnetism, through Einstein's unification of space and time, through the discoveries of the nucleus, quantum mechanics, protons, neutrons, and the discovery of the weak and st

romagnetic wave whose speed could be calculated from first principles, and lo and behold, the prediction was equal to the mea- sured speed of light. Einstein's unification of space and time predicted that clocks would slow for moving observers, and lo and behold, they do, and in just the way he predicted

s would leave only the photon left over as a massless gauge boson. But there's more. By virtue of the gauge symmetry he introduced, Weinberg's new Higgs particle would also interact with electrons, and when the condensate formed, the effect would be to give electrons a mass as well as the W and Z pa

a revolutionary. But reluctant revolutionary he was, although, due to some shortsighted journal editors, he almost didn't get the chance. In 1960 Higgs had just taken up his post and had been asked to serve on the committee that coordinated the first Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics.

§0,(x) where 122 = 1 + 2e4)t./All, (2) is the conformal factor and Alp is the reduced Planck mass. By doing so, one passes from the Jordan to the Einstein frame. The scalar potential in the new frame becomes V (h) Am 4 (1 + ) 2 (3) where we have written et = h2/ 2. At large field values, h > Mp/

t be high. lint x 2 x 1016 GeV. Higgs Inflation generally predicts a small amplitude of tensor perturbations. and therefore it is natural to ask if Higgs Inflation might accommodate this new measurement. We find the answer is essentially no, unless one considers either extreme fine tuning. or possibly

well-known vacuum stability problem of the Standard Model [26]. Successful HI requires an O(2e) deviation from central values toward either larger Higgs boson mass or smaller top quark mass. Gauge dependence enters the calculation at two places: ex- plicitly in the one-loop correction to the effectiv

li,„(s) where D2 = 1 + 2e(}141/4/1, (2) is the conformal factor and My is the reduced Planck mass. By doing so. one passes from the Jordan to the Einstein frame. The scalar potential in the new frame becomes V(h) 2 (3) 4 (1 + where we have written 4.147, = h2/ 2. At large field values. h > ii/p/V

t be high, Via Az 2 x 101° GeV. Higgs Inflation generally predicts a small amplitude of tensor perturbations. and therefore it is natural to ask if Higgs Inflation might accommodate this new measurement. We find the answer is essentially no. unless one considers either extreme fine tuning. or possibly

well-known vacuum stability problem of the Standard Model [26). Successful HI requires an O(2o) deviation from central values toward either larger Higgs boson mass or smaller top quark mass. Gauge dependence enters the calculation at two places: ex- plicitly in the one-loop correction to the effectiv

determined by phenomena that lie well beneath the surface of our experience—phenomena that don't rely in any way upon our existence. In this sense, Einstein was wrong: "God" does appear to play dice with the universe, or universes. So far we have been lucky. But like playing at the craps table, our luck

ot implemented. Novel ideas generally stagnate and die without the courage to implement them. I bring this up here because perhaps the true mark of Einstein's ge- nius was not his mathematical prowess (although, contrary to conven- tional wisdom, he was mathematically talented), but his creativity and hi

, author of Just Six Numbers "It is an exhilarating experience to be led through this fascinating story, from Galileo to the Standard Model and the Higgs boson and beyond, with lucid detail and insight, illuminating vividly not only the achieve- ments themselves but also the joy of creative thought an

and the court found that to allow the privilege to protect against disclosure of that information" would have been unfair to the opposing party. 3 Weinstein, supra § 503.41[1]See also Sedco, 683 F.2d at 1206 (noting that courts have found waiver by implication when a client (i) testifies concerning po

States. G Bourgeois, 423 F.3d 50 1 507-08 (5th tr.2005) cert. ,i denied, 547 U.S. 1132, 126 S.Ct. 2026, 1 4 L.Ed.2d 786 (2006); United States . Higgs, 353 F.3d 281, 298 (4th Cir.200 , cert. dente 4 543 U.S. 999, 125 S.Ct. 62 , 160 L.Ed.2d 456 (2004). FN27. Fell contends that he raised this issu