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l while actions involving the exercise of exclusively governmental or sovereign powers are not." Id. at 411. In a subsequent case, United States v. Vondereau, 837 F.2d 1540 (11t Cir. 1988), the Eleventh Circuit observed: This Court has held that for estoppel to apply against the Government (1) the tradi
"directly and proximately harmed as a result of the commission of [that] Federal offense. Id. at 351, citing United States v. AtL States Cast Iron Pipe Co., 612 F.Supp.2d 453, 536 (D.N.J. 2009). Again, in determining whether an individual qualified as a victim, the appellate court looked to the chargin
l while actions involving the exercise of exclusively governmental or sovereign powers are not." Id. at 411. In a subsequent case, United States v. Vondereau, 837 F.2d 1540 (11t Cir. 1988), the Eleventh Circuit observed: This Court has held that for estoppel to apply against the Government (1) the tradi
"directly and proximately harmed as a result of the commission of [that] Federal offense. Id. at 351, citing United States v. AtL States Cast Iron Pipe Co., 612 F.Supp.2d 453, 536 (D.N.J. 2009). Again, in determining whether an individual qualified as a victim, the appellate court looked to the chargin
pel while actions involving the exercise of exclusively governmental or sovereign powers are not." Id. at 411. In a subsequent case, United States' Vondereau, 837 F.2d 1540 (I I th Cir. 1988), the Eleventh Circuit observed: This Court has held that for estoppel to apply against the Government (I) the tra
"directly and proximately harmed as a result of the commission of [that] Federal offense. Id. at 351, citing United States' Atl. States Cast Iron Pipe Co., 612 F.Supp.2d 453, 536 (D.N.J. 2009). Again, in determining whether an individual qualified as a victim, the appellate court looked to the chargin
l while actions involving the exercise of exclusively governmental or sovereign powers are not." Id. at 411. In a subsequent case, United States v. Vondereau, 837 F.24 1540 (I I* Cir. 1988), the Eleventh Circuit observed: This Court has held that for estoppel to apply against the Government (1) the tradi
"directly and proximately harmed as a result of the commission of [that] Federal offense. Id. at 351, citing United States v. Ad. States Cast Iron Pipe Co., 612 F.Supp.2d 453, 536 (D.N.J. 2009). Again, in determining whether an individual qualified as a victim, the appellate court looked to the chargin
Entities connected to both Vondereau and Pipe Co.

United States
LOCATIONJane Doe
PERSON
Paul Cassell
PERSONthe Eleventh Circuit
ORGANIZATIONRubin
PERSON
Bradley Edwards
PERSON
Jeffrey Epstein
PERSON
United States District Court
ORGANIZATION
Martha Stewart
PERSONthe Southern District
LOCATIONLeon Black
PERSONOlsen
PERSON
Prince Andrew
PERSON
Michigan
LOCATION
Michael Jackson
PERSONFBI
ORGANIZATION
Eric Trump
PERSON
Eric Holder
PERSONPetersen
PERSON
Langley
PERSON