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ct. Emblematic of his brutal rule was the crushing of the uprising in the city of Hama in 1982, in which tens of thousands of Syrians were killed. Hafez had originally designated his eldest and favorite son, Bassel, as his successor, and Bassel, the chief of presidential security, was perfect for th
understand him in the context EFTA_R1_01992731 EFTA02681516 33 of the Assad family's dominance of the Syrian political scene. Bashar's father, Hafez al-Assad, ruled Syria with an iron fist for three decades, including enforcing draconian emergency laws in 1963 that helped him eliminate political opponent
tator to surrender his nuclear program (and helped expose the Abdul Qadeer Khan nuclear EFTA_R1_01992710 EFTA02681495 12 network); the birth in Kurdistan of an island of civility and free markets and the birth in Iraq of a diverse free press. But Iraq will only be transformational if it truly becomes
ians do." The Syrian-Russian relationship was always rather complicated, full of mutual suspicion and attempts by Moscow to impose an ideology that Hafez al-Assad didn't much care for, in exchange for military and intelligence assistance that Syria couldn't do without. But Damascus isn't just a resurrected st
East policy studies at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. Anicic 4. Today's Zaman EFTA00706378 Kurdistan: another state in the making in the Middle East? Robert Olson 2013-12-11 -- That yet another state is in the making in the Middle East is enough
d Islamic flag". But as developments began to unravel in Iran and Middle East, things changed between Tehran and the PLO. From the very beginning, Hafez al-Assad carefully watched the PLO courting of Khomaini's Iran. The B'ath regime kept a wide open eye on the extent of Iranian relations with Yasser Arafat,
ged as collateral. This would be of little consolation to Israeli strategists if not for parallel listening posts widely believed to exist in Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkmenistan and even elsewhere in coordination with the United States But more importantly, this also means that a conflict with Iran may be muc
d Islamic flag". But as developments began to unravel in Iran and Middle East, things changed between Tehran and the PLO. From the very beginning, Hafez al-Assad carefully watched the PLO courting of Khomaini's Iran. The B'ath regime kept a wide open eye on the extent of Iranian relations with Yasser Arafat,
ged as collateral. This would be of little consolation to Israeli strategists if not for parallel listening posts widely believed to exist in Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkmenistan and even elsewhere in coordination with the United States But more importantly, this also means that a conflict with Iran may be muc
Entities connected to both Hafez al-Assad and Kurdistan

Bashar al-Assad
PERSON
Lebanon
LOCATION
Barack Obama
PERSON
Damascus
LOCATION
George W. Bush
PERSON
Tunisia
LOCATION
Saddam Hussein
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Benjamin Netanyahu
PERSON
Tehran
LOCATION
Hosni Mubarak
PERSON
Bill Clinton
PERSON
Baghdad
LOCATION
Yemen
LOCATION
Terje Rod-Larsen
PERSON
Marc Rich
PERSON
Cairo
LOCATION
Hillary Clinton
PERSON
Bahrain
LOCATION
Beirut
LOCATION