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rivacy of their homes. In the public space, there was now the cult of the rulers, the unbounded power of Saddam Hussein and Muammar el-Qaddafi and Hafez al-Assad in Syria and Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali in Tunisia. The traditional restraints on power had been swept away, and no new social contract between ruler
eet vendor who out of frustration set himself on fire, pushed the old order over the brink. And so, in those big, public spaces in Tunis, Cairo and Manama, Bahrain, in the Libyan cities of Benghazi and Tobruk, millions of Arabs came together to bid farewell to an age of quiescence. They were done with
privacy of their homes. In the public space, there was now the cult of the rulers, the unbounded power of Saddam Hussein and Muammar el-Qaddafi and Hafez al-Assad in Syria and Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali in Tunisia. The traditional restraints on power had been swept away, and no new social contract between ruler
eet vendor who out of frustration set himself on fire, pushed the old order over the brink. And so, in those big, public spaces in Tunis, Cairo and Manama, Bahrain, in the Libyan cities of Benghazi and Tobruk, millions of Arabs came together to bid farewell to an age of quiescence. They were done with
nstitute (IPI) in 2005. IPI is an independent, international not-for-profit think tank headquartered in New York, with regional offices in Vienna and Manama. IPI is dedicated to the prevention and settlement of conflict. The UN Secretary-General is the honorary chair of the board of the International Peac
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023146 →The PLO is expelled from Jordan. President Gamal Abdel Nasser dies and is replaced by Vice President Anwar al-Sadat. Syria’s Minister of Defense, Hafez al-Assad, leads the “Correctionist Movement’ military coup. Hafez al-Assad is elected President of Syria in a referendum. October or Yom Kippur War. Egypt
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023152 →Entities connected to both Hafez al-Assad and Manama

George W. Bush
PERSON
Bashar al-Assad
PERSON
Lebanon
LOCATION
Barack Obama
PERSON
Damascus
LOCATION
Bahrain
LOCATION
Bill Clinton
PERSON
Tunisia
LOCATION
Hosni Mubarak
PERSON
Benjamin Netanyahu
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Tehran
LOCATION
Saddam Hussein
PERSON
Joe Biden
PERSON
Jerusalem
LOCATION
Marc Rich
PERSON
Yemen
LOCATION
Terje Rod-Larsen
PERSON
Cairo
LOCATION
Condoleezza Rice
PERSON