Epstein Secrets

n to our classical certainty? What is the state of the cat before I - a sentient observer — open the box? Was the result of the decay measured by the Geiger counter, the cat, or are we waiting for someone to open the box and observe the result? The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics — named a

to reach for a gun every time he hears mention of it. The thought experiment works like this. A cat is put in a box with a radioactive substance, a Geiger counter and a vial of poison. If the counter detects a radioactive decay it breaks the bottle and the cat dies, if no decay is detected the cat lives

finger, y and your thumb, z. At any moment you can move your hand to point in any direction and take a measurement. We will have to round up or down. Quantum mechanics is named ‘quantum because ail the readings must be whole numbers. You will never see 10% spin in x, 90% in y and 85% in z; just ones, and z

But even closer to home, relativistic time dilation has an impact. We on Earth are all bombarded every day by cosmic rays from space. If you had a Geiger counter and stood out in a field, the counter would click at a regular rate every few seconds, as it recorded the impact of high-energy particles c

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en- tored him throughout the rest of his career. Bothe was spectacularly lucky to be mentored by Planck and, shortly thereafter, by Hans Geiger, of Geiger counter fame. Geiger, in my mind, is one of the most talented experimental physicists to have been over- looked for a Nobel Prize. Geiger had begun

e. In 1918, when Fermi graduated from high school in Rome, the possi- bilities open to a brilliant young scientific mind were far less constrained. Quantum mechanics had just been born, new ideas were everywhere, and the rigorous mathematics necessary to deal with these ideas had not yet been developed