theme from which both reason, as Herbert Spencer taught in the nineteenth century, is what he called “survival of the fittest.” Another philosopher, Karl Popper, found fault with this idea a century later. Popper was one of those | mentioned who disapprove of truisms. | haven’t read Popper, but gather that he

fe changing people's worldviews, his recognition among his peers as an intellectual goes well beyond his scientific achievement. He argues (following Karl Popper) that scientific theories are “bold conjectures, ” not derived from evidence but only tested by it. His two main lines of research at the moment—qubi

fe changing people's worldviews, his recognition among his peers as an intellectual goes well beyond his scientific achievement. He argues (following Karl Popper) that scientific theories are “bold conjectures, ” not derived from evidence but only tested by it. His two main lines of research at the moment—qubi

e to replicate the predictability and formality of certain natural sciences is, in the end, a hopeless endeavor. Human societies, as Friedrich Hayek, Karl Popper and others understood, are far too complex to model at an aggregate level. Contemporary macroeconomics, despite dealing with social phenomena that ar