nvariants of this type might lay the foundations for an entirely novel type of theory." Schumpeter (1949, p. 155), discussing the Pareto law — via [Gabaix 2009] This paper introduces some mathematical and simulation models and supports these models with various theoretical ideas from economics, mathem

a particular focus of attention, as its form gives rise to constant shares of returns to labour and capital. (I am somewhat reluctant to criticise Gabaix, as he is one of the few economists who has recognised the importance of power-laws and other 'anomalous' invariants in economics. However his quote

butions, and the split of the returns from labour and capital are all long-standing 'anomalies' within economics. Economists such as Schumpeter and Gabaix have noted these regularities [Gabaix 2009]. Why almost all other economists, even heterodox economists such as Gallegati et al, have shown such dis