ho-interacts-with-whom changes during the evolutionary process (Fig 2.2). For mathematical convenience we con- sider evolutionary game dynamics in a Wright-Fisher process with constant population size [63]. A frequency dependent Moran process [110] or a pairwise comparison process [156], which is more realist

t in common, they interact several times. An interaction is given by the usual payoff matrix. The system evolves according to synchronous updating (Wright-Fisher process). There are discrete, non-overlapping generations. All individuals update at the same time. The population size is constant. Individuals re

Evolutionary updating occurs according to the frequency dependent Moran process (Nowak et al, 2004; Taylor et al, 2004) or the frequency dependent Wright-Fisher process (Imhof & Nowak, 2006). Reproduction is proportional to fitness and subject to a mutation rate u. With probability 1 — u the offspring inheri

A., 2005. Evolutionary cycles of coop- eration and defection. PNAS, 102, 1079710800. [63] Imhof LA, Nowak MA, 2006. Evolutionary game dynamics in a Wright-Fisher process. J. Math. Biol 52, 667-681. [64] Jansen VA, van Baalen M, 2006. Altruism through beard chromodynkunics. Nature, 440, 663-666. [65] Kandor

nergy and discounting of cooperation in social dilemmas. I theor Biol 239: 195-202. 125. Imhof LA, MA Nowak (2006). Evolutionary game dynamics in a Wright-Fisher process. Math Biol 52: 667-681. 126. Iwasa Y, MA Nowak, F Michor (2006). Evolution of resistance during clonal expansion. Genetics 172: 2557-2566.