n behind layers of bureaucracy in the Ministry of State Security, Chinese Communist Party structures, and the second, third, and fourth department of the General Staff of the People’s Liberation Army. Much of its cyber-espionage units are concealed | | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_r1.indd 235 ® 9/30/16 8:13AM | | HOU

en behind layers of bureaucracy in the Ministry of State Security, Chinese Communist party structures, and the second, third and fourth department of the General Staff of the People’s Liberation Army. Much of its cyber espionage units are concealed on the campuses of its universities. Its hierarchy, or order of batt