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EM FX volatility tends to be artificially suppressed by controls. When looking at 16 countries with severe capital controls based on IMF indicators (Algeria, Angola, China, Malaysia, Tunisia, Cote d'Ivoire. India. Morocco, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Swaziland. Tanzania, Togo, Ukraine, and Uzbekis
a practice that continues to this date. Huge deposit discoveries preceded the advent of silver currency The discovery of large silver deposits in Bolivia by the Spanish in the 16th century set the basis for the world's monetary system until late in the 19h century (Chart 1). These silver dollars were
ands, British, Virgin Islands. U.S. , Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna. Western Sahara High Risk Jurisdictions* Afghanistan. Aland Islands, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola. Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The. Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize. Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Botswana. Brazil, Burkina Faso. Bur
gh Risk Jurisdictions* Afghanistan. Aland Islands, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola. Azerbaijan, Bahamas, The. Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize. Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Botswana. Brazil, Burkina Faso. Burma (Myanmar), Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Comoros, Cong
h Africa Paraguay Venezuela New Zealand Thailand Namibia Tanzania Senegal Mozambique Romania Uganda Bulgaria Nigeria Angola Cameroon China Kazakhstan Algeria Russia Estonia Oonmob hoo Fb FB4HuvbanbOKHKEES : & vu & @ eooocoonNnNiocooccoeocceeec eo eco eco eo ee eo ce eo Se = ~ oN COC @Mcc ce ecececeecee
l Deficit ($B) As % of World Gross Unemploy- Deficit 2009 ment Rate YIY (pps) Tunisia Ethiopia Colombia Cyprus Poland Spain Kenya Norway Ghana Bolivia Sweden Brazil Switzerland Latvia Malawi Malaysia Denmark Gabon Finland Turkey Czech Republic Slovenia Slovakia Croatia Australia 3 BS fe coocooecee
Entities connected to both Algeria and Bolivia

Barack Obama
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
George W. Bush
PERSON
Jeffrey Epstein
PERSON
Lebanon
LOCATION
Yemen
LOCATION
Marc Rich
PERSON
Donald Trump
PERSON
Tunisia
LOCATION
Bill Clinton
PERSON
Prince Charles
PERSON
Columbia University
LOCATION
Bashar al-Assad
PERSON
Morocco
LOCATION
Sudan
LOCATION
Joe Biden
PERSONLeon Black
PERSON
Malaysia
LOCATION
Julie K. Brown
PERSON
Venezuela
LOCATION