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means to assimilate Sinai's society into national structures. The second factor was the spread of extremist thought in a religious guise during the Sadat and Mubarak eras. Almost intrinsically hostile to many domestic and foreign policy orientations, that type of thought inevitably spread to Sinai. A
security relationship during the Cold War remain valid today. Israel is a bulwark against radical Islamism in the Levant, as embodied by Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and a quiet but effective ally of Jordan. U.S. military support helps bolster Israeli deterrence against hostile state and nonstate actors, while m
in an unprecedented phase of strong bilateral cooperation between the two former enemies, but it was also a major cause of the unpopularity of both Sadat and Mubarak. Israel benefited from the cold peace by neutralizing the most powerful conventional force in the Arab world. It even coordinated close
d aggravating. Iran relies heavily on the Alawite regime in Syria to maintain a foothold in the Levant through groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon and Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. Since the return of Syria to Sunni control would unravel a key pillar of Iranian deterrent strategy, we can expect tha
moved to Tunis. HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023152 --- PAGE BREAK --- OUP CORRECTED PROOE - FINAL, 12/9/2014, SPi Chronology xxi 10 December 1978 President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin are awarded jointly in Oslo the Nobel Peace Prize. 16 January 1979 Shah Mohamed Reza Pahlavi leaves Iran after months of do
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023153 →the West Bank. The IDF found their bodies on 30 June in the vicinity of Hebron. In retaliation, Israel launched attacks against targets of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad. A Palestinian teenager was abducted and killed in Jerusalem by a group of Israelis. This triggered a series of violent clashes. Israel launches ope
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023161 →oid aggravating. Iran relies heavily on the Alawite regime in Syria to maintain a foothold in the Levant through groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon and Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. Since the return of Syria to Sunni control would unravel a key pillar of Iranian deterrent strategy, we can expect that
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030165 →d in an unprecedented phase of strong bilateral cooperation between the two former enemies, but it was also a major cause of the unpopularity of both Sadat and Mubarak. Israel benefited from the cold peace by neutralizing the most powerful conventional force in the Arab world. It even coordinated closely
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030173 →Entities connected to both Sadat and Palestinian Islamic Jihad

Hosni Mubarak
PERSON
Bashar al-Assad
PERSON
Barack Obama
PERSON
Lebanon
LOCATION
George W. Bush
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Cairo
LOCATION
Benjamin Netanyahu
PERSON
Yemen
LOCATION
Bill Clinton
PERSON
Tehran
LOCATION
Jerusalem
LOCATION
Saddam Hussein
PERSON
Damascus
LOCATION
Tunisia
LOCATION
Fatah
ORGANIZATIONthe West Bank
LOCATIONthe Soviet Union
LOCATION
Ehud Barak
PERSON
Middle East
LOCATION