Epstein Secrets

A. Id. The district court rejected the victims' request, and the victims filed a petition for a writ of mandamus in the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, pursuant to § 377l (d)(3). ? I Id. Upon review, the Fifth Circuit concluded, as discussed above, that " '[t]here am clearly rights under the CVRA

as importantly, what it didn't write"); see also Antonin Scalia & Bryan A. Gamer, Reading Law: The Interpretatio

ny field of statutory interpretation, it is our duty to respect not only what Congress wrote but, as importantly, what it didn't write"); see also Antonin Scalia & Bryan A. Gamer, Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal Texts 182 (2012) ("The familiar `easy-to-say-so-if-that-is-what-was-meant' rule of statuto

victims.” The victims sought appellate review in the Fifth Circuit.°’ There, the court concurred with the district c

acts, “they would have taken steps to object” to the plea agreement, and that they believed criminal prosecution to be “extremely important”). 4 See ANTONIN SCALIA & BRYAN A. GARNER, READING Law: THE INTERPRETATION OF LEGAL TEXTS 56 (2012). °° 18 U.S.C. § 3771(a) (2012) (enumerating eight rights), id. § 3771(c)

protected rights under the Act even before charges are filed. [*73] C. COURTS RECOGNIZE THAT CRIME VICTIMS HAVE CVRA RIGHTS BEFORE CHARGING 4 See Antonin Scalia & Bryan A. Garner, Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal Texts 56 (2012). % 18 U.S.C. § 3771(a) (2012) (enumerating eight rights); id. § 3771(c)(

before charges have been filed, courts have uniformly agreed with the victims’ position. Perhaps the leading case to date to assess this question is the Fifth Circuit's decision in In re Dean. °° There, a wealthy corporate criminal defendant reached a generous plea deal with the Government - a deal that the Governmen

participants in the criminal justice process. As the Fifth Circuit explained in reversing a trial court which had al

dopted amendments to their own state constitutions, | which protect a wide range of victims’ rights. ® Payne v. Tennessee, 501 U.S. 808, 834 (1991) (Scalia, J., concurring) (internal quotations omitted). See generally Douglas E. Beloof, Paul G. Cassell & Steven J. Twist, Victims in Criminal Procedure 638