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t on the global problem. The G-20's efforts to push forward with new forms of global financial regulation have also disappointed. The crisis within the European Union -- which has so long seen itself as the champion of global governance -- has damaged the whole cause of multilateralism. A few months ago, I found
insula and before it slipped out of the hands of the Arabs into those of the Persians and the Turks. Yet decades earlier, Bashar al-Assad's father, Hafez -- a man of supreme cunning and political skill -- had ridden the military and the Baath Party to absolute power, creating a regime in which power
ill have replaced it with the anxiety of persistent low-level tension with their neighbors. Of course, having suffered the turbulence of disbanding the European Union, there will initially be resistance on the Continent to starting the experiment anew. But after a number of years, maybe even decades, when the ple
ing "led" by powerful members within his own family, and also his Russian backers. On the other, he pointed out that President Assad's late father, Hafez, had been equally ruthless during his rule, which EFTA00701861 included the massacre of more than 10,000 people during a Muslim Brotherhood upris
lonial era. Of course, Tunisia and Egypt are not about to join the European Union. But they will become shadow zones of deepening E.U. involvement. The European Union itself will become an even more ambitious and unwieldy project. The true beneficiary of these uprisings in a historical and geographical sense is T
rivacy of their homes. In the public space, there was now the cult of the rulers, the unbounded power of Saddam Hussein and Muammar el-Qaddafi and Hafez al-Assad in Syria and Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali in Tunisia. The traditional restraints on power had been swept away, and no new social contract between ruler
lonial era. Of course, Tunisia and Egypt are not about to join the European Union. But they will become shadow zones of deepening E.U. involvement. The European Union itself will become an even more ambitious and unwieldy project. The true beneficiary of these uprisings in a historical and geographical sense is T
privacy of their homes. In the public space, there was now the cult of the rulers, the unbounded power of Saddam Hussein and Muammar el-Qaddafi and Hafez al-Assad in Syria and Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali in Tunisia. The traditional restraints on power had been swept away, and no new social contract between ruler
The PLO is expelled from Jordan. President Gamal Abdel Nasser dies and is replaced by Vice President Anwar al-Sadat. Syria’s Minister of Defense, Hafez al-Assad, leads the “Correctionist Movement’ military coup. Hafez al-Assad is elected President of Syria in a referendum. October or Yom Kippur War. Egypt
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023152 →rs coordinate a position to restart the process. The idea was to combine the political power of the US, Russia’s credibility amongst key Arab states, the European Union’s financial muscle, and the UN’s legitimacy in a potent new international coalition. The UN Secretary-General coined the phrase the “Middle East Quarte
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023167 →of the regime. The president is now fighting for his political life and for that of the regime put in place in 1970 by his father, the late President Hafez al-Assad. Forty-one years in power The rule of the Assads, father and son, has now lasted 41 years, a score comparable to that of other long-lasting Arab au
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024963 →number of tourists. Before the crisis erupted, Syria was negotiating to join the World Trade Organisation and conclude an association agreement with the European Union. But Bashar’s years in power seem to have hardened him. He developed a taste for control -- control over the media, over the university, over the ec
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_024965 →Entities connected to both European Union and Hafez al-Assad

United States
LOCATION
Jeffrey Epstein
PERSON
Barack Obama
PERSON
George W. Bush
PERSON
United Kingdom
LOCATION
Lebanon
LOCATION
Prince Charles
PERSON
John F. Kennedy
PERSON
Marc Rich
PERSON
Bashar al-Assad
PERSON
Donald Trump
PERSON
Tehran
LOCATIONLeon Black
PERSON
New York
LOCATION
Vladimir Putin
PERSON
Joe Biden
PERSON
Samantha Power
PERSON
Norway
LOCATION
Bill Clinton
PERSON
Damascus
LOCATION