Epstein Secrets

, & Crayton, 2007: Masten et al., 2008; Mefinder, Barr- gemd. (menstad, & Goodman, 2013), likely limitin

ncerns disentangling the effects of victimization. The common occurrence of polyvictimization (i.e., experiencing many forms of child maltreatment; Finkelhor, Shat- tuck. 'Punier, Onnmd, & Hamby, 2011) and the risk that victims of maltreatment will be revictimized (e.g., West, Williams, & Siegel. anno) m

ater of d sc osures CSA onset was arge y between the ages 5 and 9. No one ever ta ked to them about sex, so they d dn't have anguage to d sc ose. Barr en: fear of fam y breakdown and remova , not want ng to tarn sh the fam y's name, and fear of retr but on by tam y members f they d sc osed. Patt

d, 2004; McElvaney, 2015; Smith et al., 2000). Incidence studies in the United States and Canada report decreasing CSA rates (Fallon et al., 2015; Finkelhor, Shattuck, Turner, & Hamby, 2014; Trocme et al., 2005, 2008), while at the same time global trends from systematic reviews and meta- analyses have

R., ... Goel, S. (2015). Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect 2013 (OIS 2013). Toronto, ON: Child Welfare Research Portal. Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., Turner, FL A., & Ilamby, S. L. (2014). Trends in children's exposure to violence, 2003 to 2011. JAMA Pediatrics, 168, 540 546. d

M., & Fairholm, J. (2009a). Patterns of abuse disclosure among youth. Qualitative Social Work, 8, 341 356. Ungar, M., Tutty, L. M., McConnell, S., Barer, K., & Fairholm, J. (2009b). What Canadian youth tell us about disclosing abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 699 708. Williams, L. M. (2003). Under