R., ... Goel, S. (2015). Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect 2013 (OIS 2013). Toronto, ON: Child Welfare Research Portal. Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., Turner, FL A., & Ilamby, S. L. (2014). Trends in children's exposure to violence, 2003 to 2011. JAMA Pediatrics, 168, 540 546. d

ould be able to account for the phenomenon of sexual grooming. Until recently there have been three dominant theories of child sexual abuse, namely Finkelhor's Pre-condition Model (1984); Marshall and Barbaree's Integrated Theory (1990); and Hall and Hirschman's Quadripartite Model (1992). In 2002, Ward

d, 2004; McElvaney, 2015; Smith et al., 2000). Incidence studies in the United States and Canada report decreasing CSA rates (Fallon et al., 2015; Finkelhor, Shattuck, Turner, & Hamby, 2014; Trocme et al., 2005, 2008), while at the same time global trends from systematic reviews and meta- analyses have

ould be able to account for the phenomenon of sexual grooming. Until recently there have been three dominant theories of child sexual abuse, namely Finkelhor's Pre-condition Model (1984); Marshall and Barbaree's Integrated Theory• (1990); and Hall and Hirschman's Quadripartite Model (1992). In 2002, Ward

nifer Kikoyne. 1995. "Child Sexual Abuse Prevention: What Offenders Tell Us: Child Abuse and Neglect 19(5):579-594. doi30.1016/0145-2134(95)00017-3 Finkelhor, David. 1994. "Current Information on the Scope and Nature of add Sexual Abuse: The Future of Children 4(2):31-53. do1:10.2307/1602522 Gillespie, A

d, 2004; McElvancy, 2015; Smith et al.. 2000). Incidence studies in the United States and Canada report decreasing CSA rates (Fallon et al., 2015; Finkelhor, Shattuck, Turner, & Hamby, 2014; Trocme et al., 2005, 2008), while at the same time global trends from systematic reviews and meta- analyses have

ennifer ICikoyne. 1995. "Child Sexual Abuse Prevention - What Offenders Tel Us." Child Abuse & Neglect 19 (5):579-94. doh 10AM/0145-2134(95)00017-3 Finkelhor, David. 1984. Child Sexual Abuse: New Theory and Research. London. England: Macmillan. Gallagher, Bernard. 1998. Grappling with Smoke: Investigating

of CSA disclosure is gen- der. Previous research suggests that compared with females, males are less likely to disclose (e.g., DeVoe & Faller, 1999; Finkelhor, Hotel- lag. Lewis. & Smith. 1990; Widom & Morris. 1997). Williams and Banyard (1997) uncovered significant gender differences when they compared d

he event and memory interview should engender better memory. Further- more, compared with females, males may be less likely to dis- close CSA (e.g., Finkelhor, Hotaling, Lewis, & Smith, 1990; Widom & Morris, 1997; but see Goodman et al., 2003) and may have less detailed autobiographical memories about emo

hat they were not to blame. All the girls in this study were between 8 and 14 years old when the abuse began. In a survey of 521 parents in Boston, Finkelhor (1984) found that 44% of childhood sexual abuse began in this age period. He ascertained, however, that sexual intercourse and oral—genital sexual

ncerns disentangling the effects of victimization. The common occurrence of polyvictimization (i.e., experiencing many forms of child maltreatment; Finkelhor, Shat- tuck. 'Punier, Onnmd, & Hamby, 2011) and the risk that victims of maltreatment will be revictimized (e.g., West, Williams, & Siegel. anno) m