Epstein Secrets

32. Statistics Canada. (1994). Violence against women survey. 1993 [pub- lic use microdata file]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. Stuna. M. L., & Campbell, R. (2005). An exploratory study of rape survivors' prescription drug use as a means of coping with sexual assault. Psychology of Women Quarterly.,

review examined women's experi- ences of delayed disclosure to a range of health-care providers. Health-care providers included physicians (Ahrens, Campbell, Terrier-Thames, Vasco, & Sefi, 2007; Diaz et al., 2004; Fili- pas & Ullman, 2001; Golding et al., 1989; Mazza, Dennerstein, & Ryan, 1996; Popiel &

e providers on how to support survivors in a helpful and effective way Note. N/A = not applicable. EFTA00156824 Lanthier et al 9 I996a, 1996b; Ullman & Filipas, 2001; Ullman & Siegel, 1995), nurses (Esposito, 2006; Lessing, 2005; Muganyizi et al., 2009), nurse-midwives (Plumbo, 1995), and physical therapi

Fear of receiving negative responses from legal authorities may also dis- courage sexual assault victims from reporting their experiences to police (Campbell. 2005). Researchers have found that police were less likely to make an arrest if the victim's credibil- ity was questionable (Frazier & Haney. 1996;

ew studies have shown that postassault psychological symptoms (Golding et al., 1989; Russell & Bolen, 2000) and receiving tangible aid from others (Ullman & Filipas, 2001) increased the likelihood of rape reporting. However, lack of postassault variables in the NVAWS precluded analyses of how these factors affe

018; Hertel & El-Messidi, 2006; Matt, Vazquez, & Campbell, 1992). Greater rumination of negative childhood

ure, such that males may he more reluctant than females to remember or disclose sexual details (thereby increasing the extent of omis- sion errors; Ullman & Filipas, 2005; Widom & Morris, 1997). Effects of Misleading Questioning in Childhood on Adult Memory Increased memory error may occur after children are