Epstein Secrets

o "full and timely restitution," likewise presupposes the initiation—and indeed perhaps the maturation or even conclusion—of criminal proceedings. Black's, for instance, defines the term "restitution," in relevant part, to mean "[c]ompensation for loss; esp., full or partial compensation paid by a cri

ment was filed. The Majority brushes aside the fact that the term "case" can mean both a judicial case and an investigative case on the basis that Black's first defines "case" as a civil or criminal proceeding and only second as a criminal investigation. Maj. Op. at 1207. IS But since when is statut

re Acker, 596 F.3d 370, 373 (6th Cir. 2010). The district courts that have considered the question are divided. Compare, e.g., 1' United States it Oakum, No. 3:08CR132, 2009 WL 790042, at *2 (E.D. Va. Mar. 24, 2009) (holding that CVRA rights can attach prior to the commencement of criminal proceedi

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fore charges were filed but were subject to the outer limit that the Government has at least “contemplated” charges.” Similarly, in United States v. Oakum,” the District Court for the Easter District of Virginia considered a claim that CVRA nghts did not apply until after a defendant had been convicted.

nator Kyl further commented that he had discussed the CVRA’s potential application in grand jury proceedings, an application that required the Act 7 BLACK’s LAW DICTIONARY, supra note 59, at 244. °8 OLC CVRA Rights Memo, supra note 2, at 9. °° Td. (emphasis added) (quoting 150 Conc. REc. 7302 (2004) (