Epstein Secrets

. United States v. DiPaolo, 804 F.2d 225, 229-30 (2d Cir. 1986) (cleaned up) (cited in Gov't Br. at 11 and Def. Br. at 12); accord United States v. Robinson, 583 F.3d 1265, 1272 (10th Cir. 2009) ("Illegal drug use does not merely bear on the [confidential informant's] veracity but also on his capacity a

s under the influence of drugs or narcotics or alcohol at the time of observation of events in dispute or at the time the witness is testifying. As Wigmore points out, however, a general habit of intemperance tells us nothing of the witness's testimonial incapacity unless it involves actual intoxication

. United States v. DiPaolo, 804 F.2d 225, 229-30 (2d Cir. 1986) (cleaned up) (cited in Gov't Br. at 11 and Def. Br. at 12); accord United States v. Robinson, 583 F.3d 1265, 1272 (10th Cir. 2009) ("Illegal drug use does not merely bear on the [confidential informant's] veracity but also on his capacity a

s under the influence of drugs or narcotics or alcohol at the time of observation of events in dispute or at the time the witness is testifying. As Wigmore points out, however, a general habit of intemperance tells us nothing of the witness's testimonial incapacity unless it involves actual intoxication

. United States v. DiPaolo, 804 F.2d 225, 229-30 (2d Cir. 1986) (cleaned up) (cited in Gov't Br. at 11 and Def. Br. at 12); accord United States v. Robinson, 583 F.3d 1265, 1272 (10th Cir. 2009) ("Illegal drug use does not merely bear on the [confidential informant's] veracity but also on his capacity a

s under the influence of drugs or narcotics or alcohol at the time of observation of events in dispute or at the time the witness is testifying. As Wigmore points out, however, a general habit of intemperance tells us nothing of the witness's testimonial incapacity unless it involves actual intoxication

m to several pennants and its sole World Series championship (only to be unceremoniously traded to the hated Giants at the end of his career, a trade Robinson rejected by retiring with dignity). At college my hero was Professor John Hope Franklin, the first African American to chair an academic department

ion that when it comes to rape only women always tell the truth. This bias is an wrongheaded as the anachronistic bias, reflected in the writings of Wigmore and others, that men are more likely to tell the truth than women. A highly publicized case in 2011 may well illustrate the reality that both men an

he defend- ant] belonged to a gang or that gang membership would impeach [the defendant's testimony] about his 1- ligious beliefs"); United States Robinson, 978 F.2d 1554, 15 5 (10th Cir.1992) (rejecting a First Amendment challenge because "the government presented adequate ex- pert testimony as to th

to exist. With isthmian exceptions not pertinent here, the presence of third parties is sufficient to undermine the needed confidentiality. See 8 Wigmore, supra § 2311, at 601-03 & nn. 6-8 (collecting cases). So here: XYZ knew that third parties-representatives of Smallco- were participating in the