Epstein Secrets

Strong Interactions." Sakurai took the 2P_GrealestSleryEverTold_AC.indd 192 12/16116 3:06 PIA EFTA00286114 Living inside a Superconductor 193 Yang-Mills suggestion seriously and tried to explore precisely which photonlike particles might convey a strong force between protons and neutrons and the oth

ited to try to make sense of the otherwise complex inter- actions between nucleons and other particles. In response to this notion that some kind of Yang-Mills symmetry might be behind the strong interaction, Murray Gell-Mann developed an elegant symmetry scheme he labeled in a Zen-like fashion the Eight-

ne wanted to talk about the details in public. 2P_GrealetaleryEverTold_AC.indd 254 12/16116 3:06 PIA EFTA00286176 Spanking the Vacuum 255 That the Standard Model didn't fix in advance many of the details of the Higgs sector didn't dissuade many theorists from proposing models that "predicted" the Higgs mass

ulations typically involve spurious gauge dependence that cancels when physical ob- servable are calculated. For example, in a spontaneously broken Yang-Mills theory one may work in the renormaliz- able class of gauges (RE) upon augmenting the Lagrangian with a gauge fixing term Cil = —GaG a /2 where G a

erved values, MH 125 GeV and Mt :4 173 GeV, the coupling runs neg- ative at h 107° — 1012 GeV; this is the well-known vacuum stability problem of the Standard Model [26]. Successful HI requires an O(2e) deviation from central values toward either larger Higgs boson mass or smaller top quark mass. Gauge depende

ulations typically involve spurious gauge dependence that cancels when physical ob- servable arc calculated. For example, in a spontaneously broken Yang-Mills theory one may work in the renormaliz- able class of gauges (RO upon augmenting the Lagrangian with a gauge fixing term Cgi = —G°Ga/2 where = (1/

bserved values, 125 GeV and Mt xr. 173 GeV, the coupling runs neg- ative at h ot 101° —1012 GeV; this is the well-known vacuum stability problem of the Standard Model [26). Successful HI requires an O(2o) deviation from central values toward either larger Higgs boson mass or smaller top quark mass. Gauge depende