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riminal prosecution" does not commence with the filing of a complaint and issuance of an arrest warrant, but only upon the return of an indictment. Kirby v. Illinois , 406 U.S. 682, 688-690 (1972). See also United States v. Pace , 833 F.2d 1307, 1312 (9th Cir. 1987) (filing of complaint and issuance of arrest war
s, the word "case" is a term of art that has long been understood to mean "a suit instituted according to the regular course of judicial procedure." Muskrat v. United States , 219 U.S. 346, 356 (1911) (Article III "case" or controversy); see also Black's Law Dictionary (6th ed.) 215 ("case" is a "genera
stitution, laws or treaties of the United States takes such a form that the judicial power is capable of acting upon it, then it has become a case." Muskrat , 219 U.S. at 356. A "case," in other words, is an adversarial dispute where one party purposefully invokes the judicial power seeking an adjudicati
criminal prosecution" does not commence with the filing of a complaint and issuance of an arrest warrant, but only upon the return of an indictment. Kirby v. Illinois, 406 U.S. 682, 688-690 (1972). See also United States v. Pace, 833 F.2d 1307, 1312 (9th Cir. 1987) (filing of complaint and issuance of arrest warr
titution, laws or treaties of the United States takes such a form that the judicial power is capable of acting upon it, then it has become a case." Muskrat, 219 U.S. at 356. A "case," in other words, is an adversarial dispute where one party purposefully invokes the judicial power seeking an adjudicatio
criminal prosecution" does not commence with the filing of a complaint and issuance of an arrest warrant, but only upon the return of an indictment. Kirby v. Illinois, 406 U.S. 682, 688-690 (1972). See also United States v. Pace, 833 F.2d 1307, 1312 (9th Cir. 1987) (filing of complaint and issuance of arrest warr
titution, laws or treaties of the United States takes such a form that the judicial power is capable of acting upon it, then it has become a case." Muskrat, 219 U.S. at 356. A "case," in other words, is an adversarial dispute where one party purposefully invokes the judicial power seeking an adjudicatio
criminal prosecution" does not commence with the filing of a complaint and issuance of an arrest warrant, but only upon the return of an indictment. Kirby v. Illinois, 406 U.S. 682, 688-690 (1972). See also United States v. Pace, 833 FM 1307, 1312 (9th Cir. 1987) (filing of complaint and issuance of arrest warran
titution, laws or treaties of the United States takes such a form that the judicial power is capable of acting upon it, then it has become a case." Muskrat, 219 U.S. at 356. A "case," in other words, is an adversarial dispute where one party purposefully invokes the judicial power seeking an adjudicatio
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