Epstein Secrets

hen. 4F. No.24. Lane 342. Lontliang Road.Talpe. 10474.Tarman Email yywchenagmail.com 3502-012 Page 1 of 18 EFTA_00001395 EFTA00156736 Chen and Ullman 263 years (Frazier. 2003: Rothbaum, Foa. Riggs, Murdock, & Walsh, 1992). Despite these seri- ous consequences. victims of sexual offenses am less l

.e.. self-label) as rape victims if they believe that physical force or weapons are essential elements of rape/sexual assault (Fisher et al.. 2003: Littleton. Axsom, Breitkopf, & Berenson. 2006). Physical force by assailants (Bachman. 1993; Du Mont. Miller, & Myhr. 2003: Russell & Bolen. 2000). presence o

s, certain victim charac- teristics (e.g., age, income level, education level, race). and the contextual characteristics of the crimes. Starzynski. Ullman. Filipas, and Townsend (2005) emphasized that deciding whom to tell about sexual assault is an important and potentially consequential decision for

Cap Survey, a web-based. online survey tool. Online surveys have been established as an effective means of obtaining a large sample of rape victims (Littleton, 2007, 2010). Setting Data were collected via an online survey. A web-based procedure was chosen as it has several benefits. First, the use of a

hs, or years after the assault (Dunleavy & Slowik, 2012; Esposito, 2006; Pilipas & Ullman, 2001; Lessing, 2005; Mon- roe et al., 2005; Plumbo, 1995; Ullman, 1996a) with fewer survivors disclosing in the acute period (7 days or less) when specialized sexual assault services (e.g., Sexual Assault Nurse

nts and Disclosure Recipients Typef Method Key Findings Helpful responses Unhelpful responses Recommendations Lasing (2005) United States Littleton (2010) United States Long. Ullman. Long. Mason. and Starzynski (2007) United States Nana a al. (1996) Australia Muganyizi et al. (2009)

of prior sexual trauma are more likely to postpone disclosure of a subsequent assault than those without prior victimization (Smith et al., 2000: Ullman, 1996). This is in contrast with the findings of Ahrens et al. (2010), who report no dif- ference in rates of prior sexual trauma between early and

osrienct. 14(9). 649-658. Linden. J. A. (2011). Care of the adult patient alter sexual assault. New England Journal of Medicine. 365(9). 834-841. Littleton. H.. & Ullman, S. E. (2013). PTSD symptomatology and hazardous drinking as risk factors for sexual assault revicti. mization: Examination in Europe

of prior sexual trauma are more likely to postpone disclosure of a subsequent assault than those without prior victimization (Smith et al., 2000; Ullman, 1996). This is in contrast with the findings of Ahrens et al. (2010), who report no dif- ference in rates of prior sexual trauma between early and

oscience. /4(9). 649 658. Linden. J. A. (2011). Care of the adult patient after sexual assault. New England Journal of Medicine, 365(9). 834 841. Littleton. H.. & Ullman. S. E. (2013). PTSD symptomatology and hazardous drinking as risk factors for sexual assault revicti mization: Examination in Europea