Epstein Secrets

hs, or years after the assault (Dunleavy & Slowik, 2012; Esposito, 2006; Pilipas & Ullman, 2001; Lessing, 2005; Mon- roe et al., 2005; Plumbo, 1995; Ullman, 1996a) with fewer survivors disclosing in the acute period (7 days or less) when specialized sexual assault services (e.g., Sexual Assault Nurse

; Diaz et al., 2004; Fili- pas & Ullman, 2001; Golding et al., 1989; Mazza, Dennerstein, & Ryan, 1996; Popiel & Susskind, 1985; Starzynski, Ullman, Filipas, & Townsend, 2005; Sturza & Campbell, 2005; Ullman, 3502-017 Page 3 of 15 EFIA_00001478 EFTA00156819 Table I. Description of Included Articles.

ders including health-care providers require train- ing focused on minimizing negative and increasing positive social reactions. Starzynski, Ullman, Filipas, and Townsend (2005) recommended that becoming aware of rape myths will help formal support providers including health-care providers move beyond

of prior sexual trauma are more likely to postpone disclosure of a subsequent assault than those without prior victimization (Smith et al., 2000; Ullman, 1996). This is in contrast with the findings of Ahrens et al. (2010), who report no dif- ference in rates of prior sexual trauma between early and

0). Delay in disclosure of childhood rape: Results from a national survey. Child Abuse & Neglect. 24(2), 273 287. Starzynski, L. L, Ullman• S. E.. Filipas. H. H.. & Townsend, S. M. (2005). Correlates of women's sexual assault disclosure to informal and formal support sources. Violence and Victims, 20,

and avoidance coping. It is con- ceivable that they delay their disclosure as a result of rape-induced psychological distress (Starzynski, Ullman, Filipas, & Townsend, 2005), not necessarily the severity of the assault. Although the final model showed acceptable goodness of fit, the percentage of exp

y to utilize medical services and report to the police than early disclosers is in line with previous studies in adult women (Ahrens et al., 2010; Ullman, 1996; Ullman & Filipas, 2001). It suggests that disclosure latency is important for public health and safety, as delayed disclosure may not only

ervices and report to the police than early disclosers is in line with previous studies in adult women (Ahrens et al., 2010; Ullman, 1996; Ullman & Filipas, 2001). It suggests that disclosure latency is important for public health and safety, as delayed disclosure may not only impede reception of prop

xual behaviors (e.g., sexually transmitted disease, premature pregnancy, rape) (Nelson, 2002), and at greater risk to victimize others (Filipas and Ullman, 2006; Desai, Centers for Disease Control, 2002) who are in their control. Studies have also shown that chronic symptoms of PTSD, in association wi

high risk sexual behaviors (e.g., sexually transmitted disease, premature pregnancy, rape) (Nelson, 2002), and at greater risk to victimize others (Filipas and Ullman, 2006; Desai, Centers for Disease Control, 2002) who are in their control. Studies have also shown that chronic symptoms of PTSD, in ass

hen. 4F. No.24. Lane 342. Lontliang Road.Talpe. 10474.Tarman Email yywchenagmail.com 3502-012 Page 1 of 18 EFTA_00001395 EFTA00156736 Chen and Ullman 263 years (Frazier. 2003: Rothbaum, Foa. Riggs, Murdock, & Walsh, 1992). Despite these seri- ous consequences. victims of sexual offenses am less l

olicy Research (producer). 1998. Ann Arbor. MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (distributor). 1999. Ullman. S. E.. @ Filipas. H. H. (2001). Correlates of formal and informal support seeking in sexual assault victims. Journal ofinterpersonal Violence. 16. 1028-1047. Waller

s, certain victim charac- teristics (e.g., age, income level, education level, race). and the contextual characteristics of the crimes. Starzynski. Ullman. Filipas, and Townsend (2005) emphasized that deciding whom to tell about sexual assault is an important and potentially consequential decision for

in victim charac- teristics (e.g., age, income level, education level, race). and the contextual characteristics of the crimes. Starzynski. Ullman. Filipas, and Townsend (2005) emphasized that deciding whom to tell about sexual assault is an important and potentially consequential decision for sexual a

of prior sexual trauma are more likely to postpone disclosure of a subsequent assault than those without prior victimization (Smith et al., 2000: Ullman, 1996). This is in contrast with the findings of Ahrens et al. (2010), who report no dif- ference in rates of prior sexual trauma between early and

and avoidance coping. It is con- ceivable that they delay their disclosure as a result of rape-induced psychological distress (Starzynski. Ullman, Filipas. & Townsend, 2005), not necessarily the severity of the assault. Although the final model showed acceptable goodness of fit, the percentage of exp