Epstein Secrets

d in the review examined women's experi- ences of delayed disclosure to a range of health-care providers. Health-care providers included physicians (Ahrens, Campbell, Terrier-Thames, Vasco, & Sefi, 2007; Diaz et al., 2004; Fili- pas & Ullman, 2001; Golding et al., 1989; Mazza, Dennerstein, & Ryan, 1996

2006; Filipas & Ullman, 2001; Lessing, 2005; Muganyizi et al., 2009; Plumbo, 1995; Popiel & Sus- skind, 1985; Ullman, 1996b; Ullman & Siegel, 1995). Ahrens, Cabral, and Abeling (2009) found that "emotional support from medical staff was almost always considered healing" for survivors (p. 87). Emotion

nts and Disclosure Recipients Typef Method Key Findings Helpful responses Unhelpful responses Recommendations Lasing (2005) United States Littleton (2010) United States Long. Ullman. Long. Mason. and Starzynski (2007) United States Nana a al. (1996) Australia Muganyizi et al. (2009)

). An ecological model of the impact of sexual assault on women's mental health. Trauma. Violence. & Abuse. 10.225-246. Campbell. R.. Wasco. S. M.. Ahrens. C. E.. Sefl, T.. & Barnes. H. E (2001). Preventing the "second rape": Rape survivors' experiences with community service providers. Journal of int

Cap Survey, a web-based. online survey tool. Online surveys have been established as an effective means of obtaining a large sample of rape victims (Littleton, 2007, 2010). Setting Data were collected via an online survey. A web-based procedure was chosen as it has several benefits. First, the use of a

(2001). blamed for the AS£BA school•age forms & profiles. Burlington. VP University of Vermont. Research Centre for Children. Youth, and Families. Ahrens. C. E.. Sunset]. 1. & Jennings. A. (2010). To tell or not to tell: The impact of disclosure on sexual assault survivors' nicety. Violence and Victi

osrienct. 14(9). 649-658. Linden. J. A. (2011). Care of the adult patient alter sexual assault. New England Journal of Medicine. 365(9). 834-841. Littleton. H.. & Ullman, S. E. (2013). PTSD symptomatology and hazardous drinking as risk factors for sexual assault revicti. mization: Examination in Europe