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security relationship during the Cold War remain valid today. Israel is a bulwark against radical Islamism in the Levant, as embodied by Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and a quiet but effective ally of Jordan. U.S. military support helps bolster Israeli deterrence against hostile state and nonstate actors, while m
the rationale for the U.S.-Israel security relationship during the Cold War remain valid today. Israel is a bulwark against radical Islamism in the Levant, as embodied by Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and a quiet but effective ally of Jordan. U.S. military support helps bolster Israeli deterren
d aggravating. Iran relies heavily on the Alawite regime in Syria to maintain a foothold in the Levant through groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon and Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. Since the return of Syria to Sunni control would unravel a key pillar of Iranian deterrent strategy, we can expect tha
can see that Alawite leadership will not leave power without a long and bloody fight. Recreating a sphere of Turkish-modeled Sunni influence in the Levant may be a long-term goal for Ankara, but the Turkish government is certainly not prepared to pay the near-term cost of civil strife in Syria spillin
s can see that Alawite leadership will not leave power without a long and bloody fight. Recreating a sphere of Turkish-modeled Sunni influence in the Levant may be a long-term goal for Ankara, but the Turkish government is certainly not prepared to pay the near-term cost of civil strife in Syria spilling
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030164 →oid aggravating. Iran relies heavily on the Alawite regime in Syria to maintain a foothold in the Levant through groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon and Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. Since the return of Syria to Sunni control would unravel a key pillar of Iranian deterrent strategy, we can expect that
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030165 →Entities connected to both Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Levant

Lebanon
LOCATION
Bashar al-Assad
PERSON
Barack Obama
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Tehran
LOCATION
Saddam Hussein
PERSON
George W. Bush
PERSON
Cairo
LOCATION
Tunisia
LOCATION
Hosni Mubarak
PERSON
Yemen
LOCATION
Benjamin Netanyahu
PERSON
Damascus
LOCATION
Middle East
LOCATION
North Africa
LOCATION
the Persian Gulf
LOCATION
Bill Clinton
PERSON
Jerusalem
LOCATIONMediterranean
LOCATION
Terje Rod-Larsen
PERSON