Epstein Secrets

532-555. Geri. S. J. & Bruck. .M. (1993). Suggestibility of the child witness: A historical review and synthesis. Povhological &Jain. 11.403-439. Christiansen. J.P. & Blake. R. H. (1990. The grooming process in father-daughter incest. In A. L. Horton (Ed.). The Man Paparaus: A Family Member No One Mine ro

vation to abuse. Sexual grooming has been considered by some to be analogous to adult courtship (e.g. Howitt, 1995). In addition, Herman (1981) and Christiansen and Blake (1990) talk about sexually abusive fathers adopting the role of suitor towards their daughter. In the case of intrafamilial abuse, the of

le person cause for concern that any meeting with a child arising from the conduct would be for unlawful purposes. (O'Connell, 2003, p. 6) Second, Howitt suggests that: Grooming... is the steps taken by paedophiles to "entrap" their victims and is in somew•ays analogous to adult courtship. (Howitt, 1

er life (Berliner & Conte, 1990; Leberg, 1997). The abuser builds the child's trust (Christiansen & Blake, 1990; Leberg, 1997; Wyre, 1987, cited in Howitt, 1995; van Dam, 2001), makes him or her feel good (Warner, 2000) and then starts to violate boundaries (Christiansen & Blake, 1990; van Dam, 2001).

Grooming Author Stages of Grooming van Dam (2001) Fkackenridge (2001) Applies to grooming in sport. Wyrc (1987) as discussed in Howin (1995) Christiansen and Blake (1990) Applies to father daughter grooming. O'Connell (2003) Applies to online grooming. I. Identify vulnerable child 2. Engage that

W. ODonobue TABLE 1 General Definitions of Grooming Author(s) Definition of Grooming (taken directly from reference) Sgroi (1982) Salter (1995) Howitt (1995) Labors (1997) Gallagher (1999) Brackenridge (2001) Gillespie (2002) Berson (2003) O'Connell (2003) Spiegel (2003) Craven, Brown, an

e environment and significant others 3.Grooming the child McAlinclen (2006) I. Personal 2. Familial 3. Institutional Wyre (1987)as discussed in Howitt I. Extrafamilial (1995) 2. Intrafamilial definitions share some key similarities, many behaviors may he classified as grooming under some defini

ent of a Multivariate Model of Offence Behaviour in Child Sexual Abuse." Journal of Forensic Psychiatry 9 (3)532-55. doh 10.1080/09383189808405372 Christiansen. John R.. Reed H. Blake. L Horton, B. L. Johnson. L. Ni. Roundy, D. Williams. A. L. Horton, and B. L. Johnson. 1990. "'The Grooming Process in Fathe

oming behaviors as solely pre-offense actions thereby limiting the scope of sexual grooming tactics employed by offenders (e.g., Brackenridge 2001; Howitt and Sheldon 2007). Therefore, a definition of sexual grooming should note that maintenance behaviors may be enacted after the sexual abuse has occur

and victim. Some of the prior definitions have narrowly defined the type of offender or victim involved in the sexual grooming process. For example, Howitt (1995) used the term "pedophile," which typically refers to individuals who are primarily or exclusively sexually attracted to prepubescent childre

rooming Author Stages of Grooming van Darn (2001) Brackenridge (2001) Applies to grooming in sport. Wyre (1987) as discussed in Flowin (1995) Christiansen and Blake (1990) Applies to father—daughter grooming. O'Connell (2003) Applies to online grooming. I. Identify vulnerable child 2. Engage that

er life (Berliner & Conte, 1990; Leberg, 1997). The abuser builds the child's trust (Christiansen & Blake, 1990; Leberg, 1997; Wyre, 1987, cited in Howitt, 1995; van Dam, 2001), makes him or her feel good (Warner, 2000) and then starts to violate boundaries (Christiansen & Blake, 1990; van Dam, 2001).

kinds of definitional features are pro- posed. For example, one definition mentions "betrayal" (Salter, 1995) while another references "courtship" (Howitt, 1995). Some proposed definitions give concrete examples of grooming (Gallagher, 1999; Sgroi, 1982), while others try to give abstract properties t