4
Shared Docs
4
Same-Page
4 / 4
Mentions
ed. The FBI always had this power, if it obtained a warrant, but it did not previously have the “haystack” of records in a single database. Gen- eral Keith Alexander, who headed the NSA between 2005 and 2014, believed that maintaining such a haystack database made sense. “His approach was, ‘Let’s collect the whole
t suspicion from anyone else. This move could also give any collaborator he might have had in Hawaii time to cover his or her tracks. The astronomer Carl Sagan famously said in regard to searching the universe for signals from other civilizations that the “absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.” Tha
ong, 2014 3, “No Such Agency”: The best description of the birth of the NSA can be found in Bamford, Puzzle Palace, 1-4. 4 the NSA learned: General Keith Alexander, interview with author. 4 twelve-minute video: This video can be seen at http://www.theguardian.com /world/video/2013/jun/09/nsa-whistleblower-edwar
nowden may have carried out”: Drumheller, interview with author. 153 As Snowden acknowledges: Bamford, “Edward Snowden.” 154 “absence of evidence”: Carl Sagan, Cosmos (New York: Random House, 1980), 49. 154 “The greatest trick”: Cherkashin, interview with author. The quotation from The Usual Suspects was
the Army, Navy, Marines, and Air Force cyber forces, were merged together in this new command put under the command of the NSA director. NSA director Keith Alexander became the first director of this new command. One problem for the Cyber command was separating attacks by civilians, including criminals, hacktavist
wald, to divert suspicion from anyone else. This move could also any collaborator he may have had in Hawaii time to cover his tracks. The astronomer Carl Sagan famously said in regard to searching the universe for signals from other civilizations that the “absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.” Tha
an be found in James Bamford, The Puzzle Palace, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1982, pp. 1-4 “the NSA learned ...”—Author Interview with General Keith Alexander “12 minute video ...”——This extraordinary video can be seen at http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2013/jun/09/nsa-whistleblower-edward-snowden-
rried...”—Author’s interview with Tyler Drumheller. 13. “As Snowden acknowledged, he...”-- Bamford, Wired, op.cit. 14. “Absence of evidence is...” —Carl Sagan, Cosmos (Random House, New York) 1980. P. 49 15. “We have many notable cases...” For the cases of Robert Hanssen and Aldrich Ames, see Appendix A 1
Entities connected to both Keith Alexander and Carl Sagan

Barack Obama
PERSON
Jeffrey Epstein
PERSON
North Korea
LOCATION
Woody Allen
PERSON
George W. Bush
PERSON
Department of Justice
ORGANIZATION
United States
LOCATION
Prince Charles
PERSON
Donald Trump
PERSON
John F. Kennedy
PERSON
Stephen Hawking
PERSON
Vladimir Putin
PERSON
Alan Dershowitz
PERSON
Jacob Appelbaum
PERSON
James Bamford
PERSON
George Mitchell
PERSON
Booz Allen
PERSON
Barton Gellman
PERSON
Micah Lee
PERSON
Mitch McConnell
PERSON