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the Arab and Muslim world. When Ronald Reagan was elected president, Central Command, which oversees U.S. military operations in the Middle East and Central Asia, did not even exist. All of this changed in 1990, when Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, and President George H. W. Bush dispatched 700,000 troops to
ercent of them against American and coalition forces in Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere. EFTA00832445 Many of those attacks were orchestrated by al-Qaeda's Iraqi affiliate, which in 2006 established the Islamic State of Iraq. After weakening in 2007 and 2008 (when the U.S. paid Sunni tribal leaders to f
the private sector on a range of regional and global security challenges. IPI also carries out work in and on Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and Central Asia. With a staff from more than twenty countries and a broad range of academic fields, IPI partners with regional organizations, think tanks, universi
ign. In particular, the Sahel countries of Mali, Niger, Mauritania, and Burkina Faso may become vulnerable to similar campaigns, as the influence of Al-Quaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), which shares institutional links with Boko Haram and Al-Shabaab, is growing in the region. As a result of massive in
ill not be a cure-all, but it can help clear the air and avert some tensions on troubling issues. Security and narcotics threats in Afghanistan and Central Asia as NATO forces leave Afghanistan are urgent issues. Preventing terrorist attacks at the 2014 Sochi Olympics is another. EFTA00675622 This is not
egated to the nebulous realm of •. diplomacy and Geneva conferences, where Secretary of State John Kerry lives. Let's suppose for the moment that al-Qaeda's new base in eastern Syria, Hezbollah's deployment of tens of thousands of missiles in Lebanon and the crumbling of the U.S.-fostered Iraqi politic
blame. Ilan Berman is Vice President of the American Foreign Policy Council in Washington, DC. An expert on regional security in the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Russian Federation, he has consulted for both the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and the U.S. Department of Defense. EFTA_R1_02031718
one of which are likely to field large numbers of troops or maintain expensive arsenals of their own. In the face of these new enemies, typified by al-Qaida, the mass armies of nation-states are highly ineffective, cumbersome to deploy, difficult to manoeuvre, and from a domestic point of view, overly
blame. Ilan Berman is Vice President of the American Foreign Policy Council in Washington, DC. An expert on regional security in the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Russian Federation, he has consulted for both the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and the U.S. Department of Defense. EFTA_R1_02031774
one of which are likely to field large numbers of troops or maintain expensive arsenals of their own. In the face of these new enemies, typified by al-Qaida, the mass armies of nation-states are highly ineffective, cumbersome to deploy, difficult to manoeuvre, and from a domestic point of view, overly
w still sees extremism in Afghanistan as a threat to Muslim regions of Russia like Chechnya, and to the Muslim-populated former Soviet republics of Central Asia. China similarly worries that upheaval in Afghanistan could exacerbate Islamic extremism in Xinjiang; India thinks the same could happen in Kashmir
mic Front, with around 50,000 part-time fighters, seems one of the stronger and more coherent entities and seeks an Islamic state with shariah law. Al-Qaeda's local affiliate, Jabhat al-Nusra, is a more disciplined but smaller organization, and has been more careful than most about collateral damage. EFT
place where enemy offensive operations against the Islamic Republic originate will be the target of a reciprocal attack." Look at a map: Africa and Central Asia are wide open places. What happens on the day after? Israelis estimate that between Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon, Syria and Iran itself, the
triggered a campaign of violence from the majority Sunnis that includes a growing Islamist element and takes in Muslim Brotherhood, Salafi and even al-Qaeda- affiliated factions. Despite President Obama's "reset" policy, Russia continues to support [4] Bashar al-Assad's brutal regime. But in a rare admis
an, Iran and Mongolia holding "observer" status. Today Turkey—along with Belarus and Sri Lanka—rates as a "dialogue partner." Certainly Russia and Central Asia are important markets for Turkish construction, food and tourism industries. Its trade in the region grew to $62 billion in 2012. But the marketpla
t effort will not likely cease any time soon. As Undersecretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence David Cohen notes, "Before al-Qaeda's attack on the U.S. on September 11, 2001, Hezbollah was responsible for killing more Americans in terrorist attacks than any other terrorist group
have an ARMY command, NORTHCOM, to take charge of America - North America, the way SOUTHCOM is in charge of South America and CENTCOM is in charge of Central Asia. This used to be illegal... We had the posse comitatus acts which said, yes, if there’s a real emergency HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015003 --- PAGE BREAK ---
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015003 →the September 11, 2001 attack on the WTC: (Writes Scott) "For indeed it is certain that on various occasions U.S. agencies have intervened, letting al-Qaeda terrorists proceed with their plots. This alarming statement will be dismissed by some as "conspiracy theory.” Yet in this chapter, | will show that
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015006 →have an ARMY command, NORTHCOM, to take charge of America - North America, the way SOUTHCOM is in charge of South America and CENTCOM is in charge of Central Asia. This used to be illegal... We had the posse comitatus acts which said, yes, if there’s a real emergency you could call up the ARMY to deal with the
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015017 →the September 11, 2001 attack on the WTC: (Writes Scott) "For indeed it is certain that on various occasions U.S. agencies have intervened, letting al-Qaeda terrorists proceed with their plots. This alarming statement will be dismissed by some as "conspiracy theory." Yet in this chapter, | will show that
Page: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_015019 →Entities connected to both Central Asia and al-Qaeda

Barack Obama
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
George W. Bush
PERSON
Bashar al-Assad
PERSON
Lebanon
LOCATION
Jeffrey Epstein
PERSON
Bill Clinton
PERSON
Benjamin Netanyahu
PERSON
Tehran
LOCATION
Yemen
LOCATION
Vladimir Putin
PERSON
Donald Trump
PERSON
Hillary Clinton
PERSON
Marc Rich
PERSON
Middle East
LOCATION
Tunisia
LOCATION
Department of Justice
ORGANIZATION
Damascus
LOCATION
Samantha Power
PERSON
Prince Andrew
PERSON