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n struggles across the Arab world, including in Lebanon, Iraq, Bahrain and Yemen. Most of all, Riyadh sees Iran's open support for Syrian President Bashar al- Assad in fighting a rebellion backed by Gulf states as a foreign occupation of Arab lands. Two Iranian Revolutionary Guard commanders have been
across the Arab world, including in Lebanon, Iraq, Bahrain and Yemen. Most of all, Riyadh sees Iran's open support for Syrian President Bashar al- Assad in fighting a rebellion backed by Gulf states as a foreign occupation of Arab lands. Two Iranian Revolutionary Guard commanders have been killed in
he jihadists' ideological mindset would make them absolutely certain that any Israeli action indicated some kind of a plot to help Syrian president Bashar al-Assad and hurt them. Jabhat al-Nusra/ Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham would become all the more attractive for Sunni foreign fighters, and these groups
derstanding on energy cooperation with Beirut in October, the reach of Russian companies remains unclear. Novatek, majority state-owned oil company Rosneft, and public Lukoil have been prequalified for the first license round, whose exploration blocs will be auctioned on January 10. However, they will
le, including by the repeated use of chemical weapons, and yet has remarkably culminated in the re- legitimization of the person responsible for it, Bashar al-Assad. The Syrian civil war— particularly the White House's inept and improvisational response to it—has accidentally transformed Putin into a major powe
military aid to moderate groups in the Syrian opposition, enough to raise their hopes but not enough to ensure success on the battlefield. And when Assad used chemical weapons against civilian neighborhoods, Obama threatened military action — only to back off, again dashing the hopes of pro-U.S. fact
ion to the Iraq War, he is also cultivating a strong military and energy-based relationship with the post- Saddam government in Baghdad. Gazprom and Rosneft have moved in to capitalize on Iraq's increased oil and gas outputs. Last summer, contracts were signed for Russia to sell Iraq $4.2 billion worth
n government still headed by President Bashar al-Assad. Likewise, over the last four years, Russia and
ngton accepts reality and supports a negotiated settlement between parts of the Syrian opposition and a Syrian government still headed by President Bashar al-Assad. Likewise, over the last four years, Russia and China have refused to support Security Council authorization of further multilateral sanctions aga
ited States and Europe over Ukraine helped Moscow and Beijing close their new gas deal. Over the last several years, Russia's national oil company, Rosneft, has given Chinese energy companies equity stakes in joint oil projects in Russia, EFTA_R1_00024227 EFTA01737597 an approach that has facilitate
Entities connected to both Bashar al-Assad and Rosneft

Barack Obama
PERSON
George W. Bush
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Lebanon
LOCATION
Benjamin Netanyahu
PERSON
Tehran
LOCATION
Damascus
LOCATION
Terje Rod-Larsen
PERSON
Middle East
LOCATION
Cairo
LOCATION
Yemen
LOCATION
Saddam Hussein
PERSON
Jeffrey Epstein
PERSON
Vladimir Putin
PERSON
Jerusalem
LOCATION
Donald Trump
PERSON
Bahrain
LOCATION
Samantha Power
PERSON
Prince Andrew
PERSON
John Kerry
PERSON