Epstein Secrets

theory—the suc- cessful framework that had so beautifully provided an understanding of the relativistic quantum behavior of electrons and photons. Berkeley physicist Geoffrey Chew led the development of a popu- lar, influential program to address this problem. Chew gave up the idea that any truly fundam

ound states of other particles. In this sense, there could be no reduction to primary fundamental objects. In this Zen-like picture, appropriate to Berkeley in the 196os, all particles were thought to be made up of other particles—the so-called bootstrap model, in which no elementary particles were prim

ions between nucleons and other particles. In response to this notion that some kind of Yang-Mills symmetry might be behind the strong interaction, Murray Gell-Mann developed an elegant symmetry scheme he labeled in a Zen-like fashion the Eight- fold Way. It not only allowed a classification of eight different v

urg, VA David Buss, Psychologist, U. of Texas, Austin William Calvin, Neuroscientist, U. of Washington Fritjof Capra, Director, Elmwood Institute, Berkeley, CA Sean Carroll, Physicist, CalTech Daniel Charles, Technology Correspondent, NPR Michael Castleman, Health and Medical Writer, San Francisco Ni

arvard Joel Garreau, Journalist, WASHINGTON POST Michael Gazzaniga, Neuroscientist, UC Santa Barbara James Geary, Journalist and Aphorist, London Murray Gell-Mann, Physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 1969, Santa Fe Institute Amanda Gefter, Physics Editor, Science Journalist, NEW SCIENTIST Neil Gershenfeld, Phys

cientist, Carnegie Mellon Evgeny Morozov, Social Commentator, FOREIGN POLICY Sendhil Mullainathan, Economist, Harvard Richard Muller, Physicist, UC, Berkeley Richard Nisbett, Social Psychologist, U. of Michigan Martin Nowak, Mathematical Biologist, Harvard Tim O'Reilly, Founder, O'Reilly Media Svante Paa

chael Gazzaniga, Neuroscientist, UC Santa Barbara Murray Gell-Mann, Physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 1969, Santa F

ren't even admitted as undergraduates at Ivy League institu- tions until the late 1960s. Almost thirty years after Wu arrived from China to study at Berkeley in 1936, she noted in a Newsweek article about her, "It is shameful that there are so few women in science.... In China there are many, many women

also have to be heavy since the interactions it mediated would have to be weak as well. Glashow's ideas were reported to the physics community by Murray Gell-Mann at the 1960 Rochester meeting, as Gell-Mann had by then recruited Glashow to Caltech to work in Gell-Mann's group. Glashow's paper on the subject,