Epstein Secrets

jury beyond a reasonable doubt." Ring, 536 U.S. at 602, 122 S.Ct. 2428 (citing Apprendl, 530 U.S. at 482-83, 120 S.Ct. 2348). Two years later, in Ring the Supreme Court held that an aggravating factor rendering a defendant death-eligible "operate[s] as the functional equivalent of an element of a greater of- fense

. FN26. Currently, the circuit courts are split as to whether duplicative aggravating factors are unconstitu- tional and as to the meaning of the Supreme Court's decision in Jones. The Fourth and Ninth Circuits have aligned with the Tenth Circuit and adopted their own variations of tke rule in McCullah. Se

light of Jones, see United States D. 1?obin- son, 367 F.3d 278, 292-93 (5th Cir.2004) ("Although our case law once [supported the theory], the Su- preme Court recently admonished that it does not support that theory of review.") O 2011 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works. https://web2.westl

vance of the law. Id. at 524. Judge Vinson agreed with Reichhold that the privilege was necessary to protect an organization or individual from the Hobson's choice of either undertaking an aggressive investigation and correcting dangerous conditions, "thereby creating a self-incriminating record that m

s, in relevant part: Except as otherwise required by the Constitution of the United States or provided by Act of Congress or in rules prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory authority, the privilege of a witness, person, government, State, or political subdivision thereof shall be governed by the p

w. EFTA00301919 Id. at 524. Judge Vinson agreed with Reichhold that the privilege was necessary to protect an organization or individual from the Hobson's choice of either undertaking an aggressive investigation and correcting dangerous conditions, thereby creating a self-incriminating record that

tlement agreement constituted Page 10 an "implied waiver" of this privilege. Id at 622-26. The court began its analysis with a con- sideration of the Supreme Court's decision in Nobles, noting that that decision held that an attempt to make testimonial use of work product resulted in an implied waiver of the p

vance of the law. Id. at 524. Judge Vinson agreed with Reichhold that the privilege was necessary to protect an organization or individual from the Hobson's choice °feistier undertaking an aggressive investigation and correcting dangerous conditions, "thereby creating a self-incriminating record that m