enseaecneaesaeaesaeseesseneeseeaeens 12 O’Brien v. Alexander, 898 F.Supp. 162, 171 (S.D.N-Y. 1995) ooo. eesceseeceseerseeseeeseeereeeseeneeeeseees 30 Palmieri v. Defaria, 88 F.3d 136, 141 (2d Cir. 1996) oo... eee esseeecsseesseeneeceseeseeeseeeseeenseesseeseeesseees 33 People v Thomas, 21 N.Y .3d 226 (2013)

esseeseeaeeceessessecaeeeeseeeseeseenes 12 O’Brien v. Alexander, 898 F.Supp. 162, 171 (S.D.N-Y. 1995) .oo.cecccececeeeeeeeeetecneeeeeeeeeeeeneenes 30 Palmieri v. Defaria, 88 F.3d 136, 141 (2d Cir. 1996) oo. coccccccccccccescesteesecseeeseenteesssesteesieenaees 33 People v Thomas, 21 N.Y .3d 226 (2013).....c

(9th Cir. 2016) 4, 5, 11 Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967) 2, 6 Murphy v. Waterfront Comm 'n of New York Harbor, 378 U.S. 52 (1964) 2 Palmieri v. State of New York, 779 F.2d 861 (2d Cir. 1985) 14 People v. Gutierrez, 222 P.3d 925 (Cob. 2009) 10 People v. Mason, 989 P.2d 757 (Colo. 1999