efs are considered waived and normally will n be addressed on appeal." Norton I. Sam's Club, 145 F.3d 114, 117 (2d Cir.1998); see United States Crispo, 306 F.3d 71, 86 (2d Cir. 002) (applying this rule to a criminal appeal); Fed. R.App. P. 28(b). VII. CUMULATIVE EFFECT [44] Fell contends that e