ts by the p46] defendant; (3) inducement of the plaintiff to act; (and] (4) action by the plaintiff to his or her injury."' Freightliner, L.L.C. v. Whatley Contract Carriers, L.L.C., 932 So. 2d 883, 891 (Ala. 2005) (quoting Lambert v. Mall Handlers Benefit Plan, 682 So. 2d 61, 63 (Ala. 1996)). BIC, BTU and Brito have al