es in the United States. They were producing approximately one hundred such motion pictures a year when this controversy arose. All eight belong to the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), a trade organization composed of the ten largest film distributors in the country. For internal use only SDNY_GM_00057315 CONFIDENTIAL —

erican film industry to advance Chinese narratives, and ultimately, the risk that the industry will lose its independence. Hollywood, represented by the Motion Picture Association of America, has long cultivated close ties to the American government, which it has used to open access to China. For example, media scholar Aynne Kokas notes t