, 2018). Substantial prejudice is a stringent standard. The Defendant's "proof of prejudice must be definite and not speculative." United States v. Birney, 686 F.2d 102, 105-06 (2d Cir. 1982). Actual prejudice "is commonly demonstrated by the loss of documentary evidence or the unavailability of a key

ited States v. Biaggi, 909 F.2d 662 (2d Cir. 1990) 298, 300 United States v. Bin Laden, 91 F. Supp. 2d 600 (S.D.N.Y. 2000) 240 United States v. Birney, 686 F.2d 102 (2d Cir. 1982) 61, 65 United States v. Bbrell, 470 F.2d 113 (2d Cir. 1972) 183 EFTA00103009 United States v. Blakney, 941 F.2

ited States v. Biaggi, 909 F.2d 662 (2d Cir. 1990) 298, 300 United States v. Bin Laden, 91 F. Supp. 2d 600 (S.D.N.Y. 2000) 240 United States v. Birney, 686 F.2d 102 (2d Cir. 1982) 61, 65 United States v. Birrell, 470 F.2d 113 (2d Cir. 1972) 183 EFTA00099951 United States v. Blakney, 941 F.

o old, at most the door is barely ajar."). Substantial prejudice is just that—substantial, actual, non-speculative prejudice. See United States v. Birney, 686 F.2d 102, 105-06 (2d Cir. 1982) (a defendant's "proof of prejudice must be definite and not speculative"); see also United States v. Henderson,

o old, at most the door is barely ajar."). Substantial prejudice is just that—substantial, actual, non-speculative prejudice. See United States v. Birney, 686 F.2d 102, 105-06 (2d Cir. 1982) (a defendant's "proof of prejudice must be definite and not speculative"); see also United States v. Henderson,

Biaggi, 909 F.2d 662 (2d Cir. 1990) 205, 208 ix EFTA00095076 United States v. Bin Laden, 91 F. Supp. 2d 600 (S.D.N.Y. 2000) United States v. Birney, 686 F.2d 102 (2d Cir. 1982) United States v. Birrell, 159 43, 45 470 F.2d 113 (2d Cir. 1972) 122 United States v. Blakney, 941 F.2d 114 (2d