dominance of higher education, by contrast, rests largely on global rankings of top universities. According to a recent ranking by the London-based Times Higher Education, 18 of the world's top 25 universities are American. Similarly, the Academic Ranking of World Universities, published annually by Shanghai Jiao Ton

www.thetimes.co.uk/article/universities-sign-chinese-gagging-clause-q7qz7jpf3. a 12 “Chinese Power ‘May Lead to Global Academic Censorship Crisis,” Times Higher Education (London), December 7, 2017, accessed October 11, 2018, https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/chinese -power-may-lead-global-academic-censorship-c