: The New Science of Cause and Effect. As a former physicist, I was extremely interested in cybernetics. Though it did not utilize the full power of Turing Machines, it was highly transparent, perhaps because it was founded on classical control theory and information theory. We are losing this transparency now, w

brains conceptually, formally, might work—an artificial neural network. They saw that their brainlike model would do computations in the same way as Turing Machines. From their work, it emerged that we could make brainlike neural networks that would act as general computers. And in fact, the practical work done b

: The New Science of Cause and Effect. As a former physicist, I was extremely interested in cybernetics. Though it did not utilize the full power of Turing Machines, it was highly transparent, perhaps because it was founded on classical control theory and information theory. We are losing this transparency now, w

brains conceptually, formally, might work—an artificial neural network. They saw that their brainlike model would do computations in the same way as Turing Machines. From their work, it emerged that we could make brainlike neural networks that would act as general computers. And in fact, the practical work done b